Lach dialects

• Slavic Languages West Slavic Languages ( Lachische language and Lechische languages)

The Lachische ( Lašsko language, Czech lašský jazyk, Polish język laski or Lechicki not to be confused with the preamble lechitische languages) is a mixed language of West Slavic languages ​​in parts of Czech Silesia as well as in Hultschiner little country, but also in the south bordering the eastern North Moravia is spoken as well as in the Polish Upper Silesia in the region around Racibórz and Głubczyce. Most Czech researchers consider it as dialect of the Czech language, for Polish dialectologists Lachish, however, is of Polish origin. The Lašsko languages ​​you count the South Teschen dialect and the lechisch - Silesian dialect. All of these languages ​​/ dialects are considered transition between the Polish, Silesian, Moravian and Czech language and also the Silesian dialect continuum are assigned.

One of the biggest differences include:

• Not occurring for Czechs partially incomprehensible vocabulary as well as in the Czech sounds, such as affricates dz, dž ( voiced counterparts of c and č ), the glide ŭ (usually written ³ )
• Emphasis on the penultimate syllable of the stroke group (as in Polish, in Czech on the first, eg ' widzioł, wi'dziołech, widzie'li my, ' na wyrch, ' na ziym, ' bez psa, mio'łech go, da'la mu),
• Other declension,
• According to numerous shifts,
• No distinction between long and short vowels (as in Polish or Sorbian )
• No prosthetic v ( eg in Czech okno [ vokno ] " Window").

Lachish, which is close to the Polish, divided into numerous subdialects (West, East and Südlachisch ). It can therefore also be regarded as a dialect of association, but with no traffic dialect has emerged. This dialectal differentiation is not typical for the Czech Republic, because otherwise Inter dialects predominate, especially in the western part of the Republic.

As a result of the general decline of dialects speak most Lašsko native speakers ( especially the youth ) also Czech, but not without an accent and (like the Moravians ) rather written language, not the usual in Bohemia vernacular.

Typical Lašsko passwords are, for example, kaj ( where, Czech kde, Polish gdzie ), which is also used in Upper Silesia, or bo (because, Czech protože, Polish bo).

The Lachische contains many Germanisms, according to some sources up to 8% of the vocabulary. Although the lachischsprachige population is down to earth, lived in Austrian Silesia 43% of Sudeten Germans, but were distributed in 1945.

• 2.1 poem Ondra Łysohorsky ( Lachish )
• 2.2 Example text from Baborów ( Lachish )
• 2.3 A Ostrava folk song

• 3.1 poetry 3.1.1 Ondra Łysohorsky
• 3.1.2 January Stunavsky

• 3.2.1 Josef Šinovky
• 3.2.2 Emilie Gudrichová

Structure of the Lachian

There are three groups of Lašsko dialects:

• Opava ( now borders on Polish language area, Ostrava Lachish and north Moravian dialects ),
• Ostrava ( now borders on Polish language area, Opava Lachish, Teschen dialects and northeast Moravian dialects ),
• Moravian- Lachish ( adjacent to Opava and Ostrava Lachish and east Moravian dialects ) - a transitional dialect eastern Moravian dialects.

Some characteristics

Opava ( western) dialects:

• I instead of ' á ( eg SMIC se " laugh " ),
• A series of palatal sibilants ( š, č, ž, dž )
• Tautosyllabisches aj (eg najlepšy, daj )
• Type Naso polo,
• Oneho, onej instead jeho, jej,
• - u in the 3rd person Pl (eg oni prošu, myslu )
• Loss of v between vowels (eg strykoji, just to the west ),
• Epenthetisches j before soft consonants (only in the West)
• -am, - ah, - ama in all paradigms Dat. / loc. / Ins. Pl of all genera (only in the West)
• Accusative of personal pronouns mja, CA.

Ostrava (eastern ) dialects:

• Syllabic r with usury sounds (eg Kyrk )
• Ins. Pl Fem. -u ( eg s tu Dobru robust )
• Umlaut aj > - ej,
• -á > -o (only in the far east )
• EN > i / y N, oN > uN (only in the far east )
• Palatal ś, ź in Nese, veže (only in the far east )
• Suffixoide auxiliary verbs -ch, - ś etc. (eg yoke per rod, and only in the far east ).

Moravian- Lašsko (southern ) dialects ( in the area between Stauding, Misteck, Frank town):

• ť, ď,
• Dative of the reflexive sy (opposite se in other Silesian- Moravian dialects ).

Some isoglosses:

• ňejsem yes / yes this Neni " I'm not" (about w. / ö line Hlučín -Místek )
• Neni un / un nima (eastern east of Ostrava and Frýdek ).

Lachish with the Teschen dialects divides the resultative past tense with být PPP (eg ona per přijeta "she has come" ), which is found only in the southwestern dialects of the Macedonian language among the Slavic languages. The agent is in the passive voice, if at all, with od gen. expressed (eg ona BYLA přejeta od motorky "she was descended from a motorcycle " ), as well as in the Teschen dialects.

Text Examples

Poem Ondra Łysohorsky ( Lachish )

Kaj noród mój? Pisany per mój WERS nocami. Yoke jak byl pes wyhnany w swet. Yoke błudził wečer ulicami a spol jak chachar pod mostami, mój žiwot ňeznoł žodén Kwet. Jo zatracény syn Ostrawy per Koren mjesta némjéł SEM. Kus Polska tam, do kus Morawy, tu buržuj Čech, tam Polok drawY. Kaj noród mój? Kaj lašsko Zem? ...

Text sample from Baborów ( Lachish )

Rałz siekli trze Chłopi trałwu na Luce. Jak ju zejsiekli, siedli se do Kupky a rozprałwiali. Jedyn zacznuł opowiedać o Meluz - ine. Wrałz se Porwal wielki wicher. Wtim przyszła ku nim szumnał pani a prawiyła: " Jal jest ta, co o ni Eli rzuńdzicie to zrobicie, co wum powim, to budu wybawynał Nejprzodzi budzie welnałski mrałz: .. .. Wydyrżcie to Potim przidzie welki hic; tejż to wytwejcie Na ostatku Refer to shop se wicher, aw tim wichrze uzdrzicie rozmańte wieca, to niy micie strachu ". Ci Chłopi obiecali to zrobiæ, in co ta pani kałzała. A una they straciyła. Jak tak jeszcze siedzieli w kupie, zrobiyła se wrałz strasznał zima. I zaczli myrznuć. Dyrkotali po calim Ciele a zubama zgrzitali. Ale wydyrżeli. Po mrojzie przyszedł welki hic. Było tak horko, co ażby o mało byli zemdleli. Every ¶ nich już chcioł uciejc. Ci drudzy go jednak zadyrżeli. Potim HiCu Porwoł se wicher, aw tim wichrze widzeli rozańte straszna. To wszyscy trze chcieli uciekać. Ale spumnieło se in, co tej pani obiecali. I tim Razym wytwali. Za chwilu było cicho. I przyszła zajś ta pani, dziekowała i Dala, moc PENIZ, bo uni ju wybawiyli.

A folk song Ostrava

V jednym dumku na Zarubku mjal tam Chlopek švarnu robku, ale robka teho chlopka rada nimjala. A ten její Chlopek dobrotisko byl, Un te svoji robce všicko porobil, Cepani ji pomyl, bravkum daval Zrat, Decko MUSEL kolibať. Robil všecko, choval Decko, taky to byl dobrotisko, ale robka teho chlopka rada nimjala. Štvero Nových šatuv, štvero střevice, Do kostela Nesla, enem k muzice, Same šminkovani, sama parada, Chlopka nimjala rada. A chlopisku dobrotisku Sluze Kanum po fusisku, jak to vidi, jak to slyší, jako robka ever. Dožralo to chlopka, že hlupy tak byl, do hospody zašel vyplatu, přepil, a jak domu přišel, rVal jak hrom by bil, a tu svoju robku Zbil. VCIL ma robka rada chlopka, jak ona un pisko Hopka, Hanysko sem, Hanysku tam, jo mam rada tě. Verte mi ludkově, že to tak ma byť, raz za čas TRA robce Kožuch vyprašiť, a potom per dobro ta jak Ovecka a ma rada chlopečka.

Selection of Lašsko literary works and authors

Based on the Lašsko ( Oberostrauer ) dialect of the poet and linguist Ondra Łysohorsky created in the 30s of the 20th century first literary works in a regional Lašsko literary language. In 1936 he initiated in Ostrava society Lachische perspective ( Lašsko Perspektywa ), the Lašsko activities in fields of culture, literature and education supported. The company found numerous enthusiastic supporters among his countrymen and contributed greatly to that soon followed and have the example Łysohorskys also written works on Lachish other authors. Among them: Jan Stunavsky (actually: Jan Lisnik ), Jozef Šinovsky (actually: Jozef Bilan ), Jura Hanys (actually: Bohumil Marek ), however, inter alia, her literary activity ended at Lachish with the outbreak of World War 2 and there was only few timid attempts of recovery after the war, which were associated with repression by the communist regime of Czechoslovakia.

Poetry

Ondra Łysohorsky

• " Spjewajuco piaść " ( Singing Faust ) ( 1934),
• " HLOS hrudy " ( Voice of the Earth ) (1935 )
• " Wybrane WERSE " (Poems ) ( 1936),
• " Lašsko poezyja 1931 - 1937 " ( Lachische poetry 1931-1937 )
• " Aj Lašské Reky płynu do mora " ( Lachische rivers flow into the sea ) (1958 )
• " Lašsko poezyja 1931-1977 " ( Lachische Poetry 1931-1977 ) (1988);

January Stunavsky

" Melodyje z hur " (Mountain Melodies ) (1945 );

Prose

Josef Šinovky

" Haldy na roli " (1945 )

Emilie Gudrichová

" Slezsko mluví " (Silesia speaks ) ( 1946)