Lactarius lilacinus
The Purple Milchling ( Lactarius lilacinus )
The Purple Milchling or alder Milchling ( Lactarius lilacinus ) is a species of fungus in the family Täublingsverwandten ( Russulaceae ). It is a rather small Milchling with a velvety, more or less pink to brick -colored hat. You can find the rare and inedible mushroom under alder in wet forests and along streams, feet and ditches. The inedible fruit bodies appear most sociable tufted until September-October.
- 5.1 Infra Generic Systematics
- 7.1 Notes and references
Features
Macroscopic characteristics
The dünnfleischige hat is 2-5 (12 ) cm wide, arched first flat, then spread out flat, with eingebogenem edge and depressed center and sometimes deepened funnel-shaped in age, the edge is incurved long. In the Hutmitte he often wears with a small papilla. The smooth surface is dull and dry, at first finely velvety, old pressed fine scales, especially in the center. The hat is dark pink - purple with gray purple tint. At the age he faded from flesh-colored - ochraceous or slightly purple gray. Sometimes it can be easily zoned, especially to the outer edge.
The pale young dirty yellow, ocher later to flesh-colored ocher union slats are wide grown on the stem or running slightly down it. The slats are medium wide to wide and are quite distant. They are often intermingled, sometimes forked and sometimes connected easily queradrig. The spore powder is whitish.
The more or less cylindrical stem is 2.5-5 (7 ) cm long and 0.5-1 cm wide. He is often ridged or furrowed irregular längsaderig, the surface is dry and smooth. The stem is colored like the hat or paler. He is usually more or less pink - ocher colored pale and often at the top of an ocher-colored zone while he is gone more ocher- brownish or cinnamon to the base. The interior handle is young and full of age more or less hollow.
The fragile flesh is cream to pale ocher color and smells fruity sometimes even after " geranium leaves " ( geraniums ) or chicory, Maggi seasoning or fenugreek, quite similar to the oak Milchling, drying, this smell reinforced. The meat tastes bland at first, then slowly schärflich to slightly bitter. The white or watery white milk is usually rather sparse and more or less steady. It dries a pale greenish gray and tastes bitter at first, schärflich -itch to moderate sharp almost mild and after a short time.
Microscopic characteristics
The roundish to elliptical spores are on average 7.7 to 8.2 microns long and 6.0 to 6.4 microns wide. The Q value (ratio of length and spore width) is 1.1-1.4. The spores ornament is 0.7-1.3 microns high and consists of warts and short ridges, which are connected to a more or less complete, easy- banded network. Closed mesh come as often as before standing isolated warts. The Hilarfleck is inamyloid or irregular amyloid outwardly.
The cylindrical to slightly clavate, 4 - sporigen basidia measure 30-50 × 8.5-12 microns. The numerous more or less cylindrical Pleuromakrozystiden are 60-105 microns in length and 7-11 (13) microns in width. The tip is blunt or carries a small Spitzchen. The blades cutting is heterogeneous, that is, it carries both basidia as well Cheilomakrozystiden. The rather numerous, cylindrical Cheilomakrozystiden are 45-90 microns long and 6.5-9.5 microns wide.
The hat skin ( Pileipellis ) is a poorly differentiated cutis, which has some more or less Trichoderma -like sections. The kurzzelligen, thick, 4-20 microns wide hyphae are irregularly intertwined, individual hyphae are clearly visible.
Artabgrenzung
The Purple - Milchling could (L. torminosus ) be confused with the scales - Milchling (L. spinosulus ) or the Birch Reizker which constitute both color very similar fruiting bodies and also have a sharp, white and unchanging milk. However, the scales - Milchling has a more zoned and scaly hat and occurs under birch trees, while the occurring also under birch trees birch saffron milk cap has a felt-like hat brim.
Ecology
The Purple - Milchling one of the few dairy compacts, which are strictly related to alder. In the lowland alder serve as Mykorrhizapartner in the higher mountains it grows in gray alder. You can find the fungus therefore in different alder riparian forest companies such as angle harrow, grove chickweed and bird cherry - black alder companies, but also in Grauerlenauwäldern with and without birch or ash, as well as in alder swamp forests. The Milchling needed regularly flooded, slow runoff, moderately moist to waterlogged soils, which may be acidic to neutral. It is found in sandy- loamy gley, pseudogley, alluvial loam and mucky soils. The fruiting body usually appear until sociable tufted growing from September to October.
Dissemination
The Purple Milchling is in North Asia ( Siberia ), North America (USA ) and Europe spread. In Europe one finds the Milchling in Southern Europe ( Italy, Spain), in western and central Europe and in Fennoscandia. Whether and to what extent the Milchling is also common in Eastern and Southeastern Europe, is not known.
In Germany the Purple Milchling is known from all federal states and the evidence ranging from the East Frisian Islands to the Alpine valleys, but it is very patchy scattered widely and rare. In Switzerland it is common, but not often.
System
The species was first described in 1828 as Agaricus lilacinus by the German botanist and mycologist Gottlob Wilhelm Lasch and 1838 provided by Fries in the genus Lactarius, so he got his today valid name. A synonym is nomenklatorisches Lactifluus lilacinus ( Lasch ) Kuntze (1891 ), further taxonomic synonyms are Lactarius lateritioroseus P. Karst. (1888), Lactarius cyathula ( Fr.) Fr (1838 ) ( including the nomenclatural synonyms: Agaricus vietus var cyathula Fr.: Fr (1821 ) and Lactifluus cyathula (Fr.) Kuntze (1891 ) ). Even with Lactarius helvus within the meaning of Bresadola (1881 ) is the Purple Milchling.
In contrast, it is the taxon L. lilacinus within the meaning of Rea ( 1922) and JELange (1940 ) to the scales - Milchling (L. spinosulus ).
The Artattribut ( epithet ) " lilacinus " means lilac or pale purple refers to how well the German species name to the hat color of the dairy compact.
Infra Generic Systematics
M. Basso, M. Bon and Heilmann -Clausen put the Purple Milchling in the section Colorati which is available within the subgenus Russularia. The representatives of the section have dry, more or less felted hats until flaky. The milk is sparse and / or watery and immutable. The hat skin is a cutis or a Trichoderma and the spores are ornamented more or less reticular.
Importance
The Purple Milchling is not edible mushroom, even if his flesh does not taste overly sharp.