Ludwig Börne

Carl Ludwig Borne ( born May 6, 1786 Jewish ghetto of Frankfurt am Main as Judah Loeb Baruch, † February 12, 1837 in Paris) was a German journalist, literary and theater critic. Boerne, which is sometimes compared to Jean Paul, because of his pointedly witty illustrative notation is considered a pioneer of literary criticism in Germany, especially the arts section.

Life, work and impact

At his father's request Borne in 1802 went to Berlin to study medicine. He was housed at Dr. Marcus heart to his wife Henriette Herz, he developed an impulsive tendency. After the death of her husband Boerne revealed his feelings but was rejected. A suicide attempt could be prevented. Woman's heart mediated Borne then to continue their studies to Halle to Johann Christian Reil. He asked, as previously heart, lack of ability to study at Boerne fixed. Borne was sent to high school to improve education. Only in 1804 he enrolled, but heard previously philosophical seminars Henrik Steffens and Friedrich Schleiermacher.

1807 came because of debts to a serious confrontation with his father; a subsequent civil process should continue until 1813. Borne had to switch to Heidelberg in order to be better controlled by the father can. Here he moved from the hated medicine to law. Its focus is on the Kameralwissenschaften who had joined the philosophical faculty. When he got into debt in Heidelberg, he had to again change the university.

In 1808 he enrolled in casting. He was encouraged by his former boarding school teacher Professor Crome, in whose magazine Germania he published aphorisms among others. Just three months later he was Borne Dr. phil. doctorate, without insisting on an exam.

Borne was taken on July 19, 1808 in the box to the rising dawn in Frankfurt / Main as a Freemason. He wrote in 1811 a lecture about Freemasonry, from which some sentences have been introduced in recent Masonic rituals.

In 1811 he was dismissed by his father helped him police actuary in Frankfurt am Main, however, because of his Jewishness 1815. In 1818 he was converted to Protestantism. He changed his name shortly before baptism in Ludwig Borne, on the grounds that his name to clearly show his religion and could harm him in his editorial work.

In 1816, he was well acquainted with Jeanette. He was later to use this long-time friend to manager of his literary estate.

As a writer and journalist, he made ​​numerous trips and settled in 1830 in Paris down. He wrote, among other things, the Allgemeine Zeitung and he was active as a writer with a passion for the movement of " Young Germany ", with the aim of spreading democracy as a condition of freedom. His 1830 to 1833 resulting in the correspondence with Jeanette well letters from Paris initiated from the July Revolution in Paris the need for a revolution in Germany from. In 1832 he was invited by Wirth for Hambach Festival as guest of honor and participated. These writings, as well as his Metternich - critical magazine The scales were prohibited. Even against Johann Wolfgang Goethe, Wolfgang Menzel and Heinrich Heine (with whom he was first friends ), he wrote critical writings. He sought a Franco-German friendship.

Ludwig Borne died in February 1837 in Paris, where he was buried in the Père Lachaise Cemetery. His grave can still be visited today.

German emigrants founded in 1849 in his honor the place Boerne in Kendall County, Texas (incidentally close named after Bettina von Arnim and Ludwig Uhland places and Bettina Uhland ).

Since 1993, the Ludwig Boerne Prize is awarded annually to German -language political journalists in the Frankfurt St. Paul's Church.

Quotes

• In the service of truth, it is not enough to show spirit, one must also show courage ( Boerne: About Germany, Heine ).
• Since I feel I have hated Goethe, since I think I know why ( Boerne: Letters from Paris).
• Much can do without man, but the people do not
• Nothing is permanent, only the change!
• One can displace an idea by another, only the freedom not.
• What is even the happiest person without faith? A beautiful flower in a glass of water without roots, without duration.

Works. Werkausgaben

• Ludwig Borne - The big reader, ed. by Inge Rippmann, Tb Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2012, ISBN 978-3-596-90377-1
• ( Eds): The Wage. A magazine for citizens living, science and art. 2 vols, Hermann, Frankfurt / M. 1818/20; Laupp, Frankfurt / M., Tübingen 1820/21; [ Reprint: ] Auvermann, Glashütte / Taunus. Reprint 1972.
• Collected Writings. 8 vols Hamburg: Hoffmann and Campe 1829-1834
• Letters from Paris. From 1830 to 1831. 2 vols Hamburg: Hoffmann and Campe 1832 (Letters 1-48 )
• Letters from Paris. From 1831 to 1832. 2 vols Offenbach: Brunet 1833 (Letters 49-79 ), published under the title "Messages from the areas of the country and Ethnology "
• Letters from Paris. From 1832 to 1833. 2 vols Paris: Brunet 1834 ( 80-115 letters )
• Menzel of the French, eaters. Paris: Barriot 1837
• Ludwig Borne 's judgment of H. Heine. Unpublished passages from the Letters from Paris. Frankfurt / M.: Sauerland 1840
• Posthumous writings. 6 vols Mannheim: Bassermann 1844-1850
• Ludwig Borne's collected writings. Complete edition in six volumes, including Notes: Posthumous writings in two volumes. With Boerne's portrait, a letter in facsimile and a biographical and critical introduction by Alfred Klaar. Leipzig: Hesse
• Boerne's works. Historical- critical edition in twelve volumes. Edited by Ludwig Geiger in conjunction with Jules [ recte: Joseph ] Dresch, Rudolf Fürst, Erwin Kalisz, Alfred Klaar, Alfred Star & Leon Zeitlin. Berlin, Leipzig, Vienna, Stuttgart: Bong [ 1911-1913 ]. Vol 1-3, 6-7, 9 [more did not appear. ]
• Thinking speech at Jean Paul ( 1924) UB Bielefeld
• All writings. Edited by Inge and Peter Rippmann. Vols 1-3: Dusseldorf: Melzer 1964; Vols 4-5: Darmstadt: Melzer 1968 [ Also available as Taschenbuchausg. in 5 vols. ( Dreieich: Melzer 1977). ] Appeared to this edition an annotated index:
• Rippmann, Inge: Boerne index. Historical and biographical materials, Ludwig Borne's writings and letters. A contribution to the history and literature of the pre-March period. 2 vols, Berlin and New York: de Gruyter 1985
• Ludwig Borne. Reflection of life. Essays on literature. Selected and introduced by Marcel Reich -Ranicki. Frankfurt / Main: Insel Verlag 1993
• Ludwig Borne's Goethe- criticism. According to the manuscripts and incunabula ed. v. Christopher White. With an afterword by Inge Rippmann. Hannover 2004. ( = Finds, vol 2).
• Menzel, the French eaters. WFB Publishing Group, 2006. ISBN 978-3-930730-43-8

Secondary literature

• Eduard Beurmann: Ludwig Borne as a character and in the literature. Grains, Frankfurt am Main 1837 (2nd edition: 1841)
• Ferdinand Bakehouse: Ludwig Borne in his literary work or results of my review about Boerne's writings. O. M. Nauwerk Verlag, Zittau and Leipzig, 1837
• Heinrich Heine: About Ludwig Borne. Hamburg: Hoffmann und Campe, Hamburg 1840
• Heinrich Heine: Ludwig Borne - A memorandum. In: Heinrich Heine, works in five volumes. Volume 3: The Romantic School and other writings on Germany. Könemann, Cologne 1995 ISBN 3-89508-067-5
• Karl Gutzkow: Borne 's life. Edited by Martina Lauster / Catherine Minter. Münster: October 2004 ISBN 3-938568-04-6 ET [After the first edition of 1840 ] online. Borne 's life
• Charles Green: Ludwig Borne. In: Boerne 's Collected Works in 12 volumes. Tendler & Comp ( Julius Grosser ), Vienna 1868
• Sigmund Schott: Memories of Boerne. Fey, Frankfurt am Main 1877 (from: The Wage ) (2nd edition 1877)
• Moriz Carriere: Borne, Ludwig. In: General German Biography (ADB ). Volume 3, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1876, pp. 164-173.
• Gerard Ras: Ludwig Borne and Heinrich Heine as a political writer. Wolter, Groningen 1927 ( zgl. Amsterdam: University Diss 1926)
• John Proelß: The young Germany. A book of German intellectual history. Cotta, Stuttgart 1892
• Ludwig Geiger: The young Germany. Studies and communications. Schott lander Silesian publishing house Berlin
• Robert Roseeu: Ludwig Borne as an art critic. Greifswald, Diss 1910
• Ludwig Marcuse: revolutionary and patriot. The life of Ludwig Borne. List, Leipzig 1929 (reprinted as Boerne. From the early days of German democracy. Diogenes, Zurich 1980)
• Wilhelm Jansch: The theater critic Ludwig Borne and the drama. Wroclaw, Diss 1930
• Ernst Heidelberg: Forms of Journalism at Borne and Courier. Huber, Munich 1931
• Wolfgang Schimming: Wolfgang: Ludwig Borne's theater criticism. ( = The theater, Vol 5). Lechte, Emsdetten 1932
• Erika Anders: Ludwig Borne and the beginnings of modern journalism. A stylistic study. Heidelberg, Diss (partial pressure) 1933
• Wolfgang Nitzsche: Ludwig Borne as a publicist. A contribution to the theory of journalism. Leipzig, Diss 1934
• Lorenz Ruetz: Arndt and Boerne as a political publicist. Heidelberg, Diss 1936
• Werner Humm: Ludwig Borne as a journalist. Zurich, Diss 1937
• Fritz Martini: Borne, Ludwig. In: New German Biography ( NDB ). Volume 2, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1955, ISBN 3-428-00183-4, pp. 404-406 ( digitized ).
• Helmut Bock: Ludwig Borne. From the ghetto Jews to National writer. Rütten & Loening, Berlin 1962
• Norbert Oellers: The feuding Dioscuri. Aspects of the debate Heine with Borne. In: Journal of German Philology 91 (1971). Special Issue: Heine and his Time, pp. 66-90.
• Walter Hinderer: Nazzarener or Hellene. The political- aesthetic feud between Borne and Heine. In: Monatshefte 66 (1974 ), pp. 355-364.
• Helmut Koopmann: The new " style of writing ." For the purpose of literature in the early 19th century. In: Copenhagen contributions to Germanic linguistics. 9 (1977 ), pp. 146-172.
• Wulf Wülfing: Young Germany. Texts contexts, illustrations and commentary. Hanser, Munich 1978
• Bernd Witte ( eds.): Vormarz: Biedermeier, Young Germany, Democrats. 1815-1848 ( = German Literature A social history; . Vol. 6). Rowohlt Taschenbuch -Verlag, Reinbek 1980
• Wolfgang Labuhn: literature and public in the pre-March period. The example Ludwig Borne. Athenaeum, Königstein im Taunus 1980
• Manfred wind Fuhr: The Young Germany as a literary opposition. Group characteristics and new approaches. In: Heine Yearbook 22 (1983 ), pp. 47-69.
• Peter Uwe Hohendahl: literary criticism in the era of liberalism. In: Peter Uwe Holendal (ed.): History of German Literary Criticism (1730 - 1980). Metzler, Stuttgart 1985
• Alfred Estermann ( Eds.): Ludwig Borne. On the 200th anniversary of the Frankfurt writer. Freedom, justice and human dignity. Exhibition catalog. Booksellers Association, Frankfurt am Main 1986
• Hans Magnus Enzensberger (Ed. ): Ludwig Borne and Heinrich Heine. A German rift. ( = The Other library; 20). Greno, Nördlingen, 1986, ISBN 3-89190-220-4, ISBN 3-89190-320-0, other issues: Reclam, Leipzig 1991 ( series: RUB 1396 ), ISBN 3-379-00691-2; Eichborn Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1997, ISBN 978-3-8218-4467-1
• Ludwig Borne and Frankfurt am Main. Lectures on the 200th anniversary of his birth on May 6, 1986 ( = Frankfurter library writings; Vol. 1).. Klostermann, Frankfurt am Main 1987
• Inge Rippmann, Wolfgang Labuhn (ed. ): The Art - A daughter of time. New studies to Ludwig Borne. Aisthesis, Bielefeld 1988
• Willi Jasper: None Homeland born. Ludwig Borne. A Biography. Hoffmann und Campe, Hamburg 1989
• Monika Rauschenberg: " La Balance " or the art of living. For the integration of social criticism and aesthetics in Ludwig Borne's writings. Lang, Frankfurt am Main, inter alia 1989 ( zgl. Augsburg, Diss 1984)
• Keith Spalding: Words are my tools. The small Boerne Breviary. Droste, Dusseldorf 1995
• Christa roll: Jeannette welfare and Ludwig Borne. Documentation and analysis of the correspondence. Campus, Frankfurt am Main and New York in 2001
• Ludwig Borne: German, Jew, Democrat. Edited by Frank Stern and Maria Gierlinger. Berlin, building, 2003. ISBN 3-351-02558-0.
• Inge Rippmann: "Freedom is the most beautiful and highest in life and art." Ludwig Borne between literature and politics. ( = Vormarz studies; XI). Aisthesis, Bielefeld 2004