Lycium
Usually Wolfberry ( Lycium barbarum )
The goat pins ( Lycium ) is a genus of the nightshade family (Solanaceae ) with about 80 species.
Description
Bock spines are woody plants with brut body supporting roots. They grow mostly upright, creeping or decumbent, are mostly shrubs with plant height of 0.5 to 2.5 ( 4) m, occasionally crippled and up to 20 cm tall or small trees with heights of growth 4-5 (10 ) m. They are occasionally unbedornt, but have mostly thorn -studded shoot axes and are often pubescent with simple trichomes. The ganzrandigen leaves are usually in clusters, are sessile or have 2 to 15 mm long stems.
The flowers are axillary, either singly or on short shoots with flower clusters of 2 to 50 most fivefold, fourfold rare flowers. The flower stems are (0.5) 1.5 to 10 (20 ) mm long; the calyx is bell-shaped, tubular or cup-shaped, radial symmetry, zygomorphic or sometimes asymmetrical. The crown is tube- to funnel-shaped, radial symmetry to slightly zygomorphic, white, whitish, greenish- white, greenish - yellow, yellowish- white, cream, yellow, bluish- white, purple or violet; sometimes the nerves are purple-black or greenish, reddish, brownish or purple dots. The crown is 3 to 25 mm long, the petals 1.5 - to 5 -fold shorter than the corolla-tube.
The fruit is round or ovoid 4-6 x 3-4, occasionally greater and up to 8 to 10 mm long. The beer -like fruits usually (2) 4 to 10 ( 16) or (10) 16-40 (70) of seeds. Exceptions to this are the stone fruits of two species; the fruits occurring in the species L. schaffneri, harden their endocarp and seeds 4 includes; the fruits of the species L. macrodon and L. puberulum their two-chamber fruits form a horizontal separation and in the upper half also have a hardened endocarp, so that there are in the upper chamber and one or two seeds in the bottom a few vestigial ovules and ultimately the fruit of L. cooperi, also appears a horizontal separation in the center of the fruit in and the two chambers with stone cells are separated from each other, in the upper chamber are usually only one or two seeds in the bottom five to eight.
Most of the Argentine and Chilean species are visited and fertilized by two or three of the following insect orders: Hymenoptera, Diptera and butterflies, only L. cestroides is visited by hummingbirds.
Occurrence
51 of the 80 species occur in America before, 30 in the Old World, of these 17 in southern Africa. They are especially characteristic of the extra-tropical areas, where they grow from 0 meters to heights of 4000 meters, they often grow in soils with high salinity.
System
The genus includes about 83 species:
- Lycium acutifolium E. Mey. ex Dunal
- Lycium L. afrum
- Lycium ameghinoi Speg.
- Lycium americanum Jacq.
- Lycium amoenum Dammer
- Lycium andersonii A. Gray
- Lycium anrae
- Lycium arenicola Miers
- Lycium argentino- cestroides Hieron. ex Seckt
- Lycium arochae Chiang, Wendt & Lott
- Lycium athium Bernardello
- Lycium australe F.Muell.
- Usually Wolfberry ( Lycium barbarum L.)
- Lycium berlandieri Dunal
- Lycium bosciifolium Schinz
- Lycium brevipes Benth.
- Lycium californicum Nutt.
- Lycium carolinianum Walter
- Lycium cestroides Schltdl.
- Lycium chanar Phil
- Lycium chilense Bertero
- Lycium chinense Mill
- Lycium ciliato - elongatum Bernardello
- Lycium ciliatum Schltdl.
- Lycium cinereum Thunb.
- Lycium cooperi A. Gray
- Lycium cuneatum Dammer
- Lycium cyathiformum C. Hitchcock
- Lycium cylindricum Kuang & A.M. Lu
- Lycium dasystemum Pojarkova
- Lycium decumbens Welw. ex Hiern
- Lycium densifolium Wiggins
- Lycium depressum Stocks
- Lycium deserti Philippi
- Lycium distichum Meyen
- Lycium eenii S. Moore
- Lycium elongato - cestroides Jerome
- Lycium elongatum Miers
- Lycium L. europaeum
- Lycium exsertum A. Gray
- Lycium ferocissimum Miers
- Lycium fremontii A. Gray
- Lycium fuscum Miers
- Lycium gariepense A.M.Venter
- Lycium gilliesianum Miers
- Lycium glomeratum Sendtner
- Lycium grandicalyx Joubert & Venter
- Lycium hantamense AMVenter ( in Levin et al. Than L. sp. Nov., See also )
- Lycium hirsutum Dunal
- Lycium horridum Thunb.
- Lycium humile Philippi
- Lycium infaustum Miers
- Lycium intricatum Boiss.
- Lycium isthmense Chiang
- Lycium leiospermum I.M.Johnst.
- Lycium leiostemum Weddell
- Lycium macrodon A. Gray
- Lycium mascarenense A.M.Venter & A.J.Scott
- Lycium martii Sendtner
- Lycium megacarpum Wiggins
- Lycium minimum C.L.Hitchcock
- Lycium minutifolium Remy
- Lycium morongii Britton
- Lycium nodosum Miers
- Lycium oxycarpum Dunal
- Lycium pallidum Miers
- Lycium parishii A.Gray
- Lycium pilifolium C.H.Wright
- Lycium puberulum A.Gray
- Lycium pumilum Dammer
- Lycium rachidocladum Dunal
- Lycium repens Speg.
- Lycium ruthenicum Murray
- Lycium schaffneri A. Gray
- Lycium schizocalyx C.H.Wright
- Lycium schreiteri ' Barkley
- Lycium schweinfurthii Dammer
- Lycium shawii Roem. & Schult.
- Lycium shockleyi A.Gray
- Lycium stenophyllum Remy
- Lycium strandveldense A.M.Venter
- Lycium tenue Willd.
- Lycium tenuispinosum Miers
- Lycium tetrandrum L. F.
- Lycium texanum Correll
- Lycium torreyi A.Gray
- Lycium villosum Schinz
- Lycium vimineum Miers
- Lycium yunnanense Kuang & A.M. Lu
Pictures
Lycium chinense
Lycium exsertum
Lycium fremontii
Lycium intricatum
Lycium pallidum
Lycium sandwicense
Lycium schweinfurthii