Marine biology

The marine biology or biological oceanography is a branch of biology or oceanography. It also represents a special field of ecology that deals with living organisms and life processes in marine habitats, so in the oceans and seas.

Subject and research

Characteristic of marine habitats are primarily the factors of water and its properties, salt content (salinity ), temperature ( low - and climate- dependent) as well as light and flow conditions. The following large habitats can be distinguished:

  • Free water ( pelagic zone ) with the communities ( biocenosis ) of plankton and nekton of the
  • Seabed ( benthic ) and shore ( littoral ) with the community of benthos

The field research in marine biology is carried out in particular with research vessels. Also, fisheries by-catch with their material for scientific investigations. The upper water zones of the sea can also be opened up by diving. For direct observations in deeper layers of the sea submarines and submersible robots are used.

OBIS

The Ocean Biogeographic Information System ( OBIS ) is a free international database on the Internet, which is a census of the entire marine fauna. Currently ( June 2011) will be held here 31.3 million entries about 116,600 species. But not even the fish species are recorded completely today. It is believed a total species occurrence between 1 million and 10 million species. That is not even a tenth have been included. On average, three new species are documented per week. For each species, inter alia, distribution maps are created. The OBIS database is managed in New Jersey at Rutgers University.

Significant marine biologists

  • Jacques -Yves Cousteau
  • Sylvia Earle ( born 1935 ), American oceanographer
  • Hans Hass
  • God Help Hempel (* 1929), German marine biologist
  • Victor Hensen (1835-1924), German physiologist and marine biologist
  • Uwe Kil (* 1951), German marine biologist specialized on planktology
  • Félix Joseph Henri de Lacaze - Duthiers (1821-1901), French physiologist and zoologist
  • Johannes Peter Müller (1801-1858), German physiologist, marine biologist and comparative anatomist
  • Rupert Riedl (1925-2005), Austrian zoologist
  • Harald Rosenthal ( born 1937 ), German marine biologist and fisheries scientist
  • Michał Siedlecki Marian (1873-1940), Polish marine biologist
  • Fabian A. Ritter ( geb.1967 ), German marine biologist
  • Abdelghany Ali (born 1944), Egyptian marine biologist
  • Appellof Adolf (1857-1921), Swedish marine zoologist
  • Samuel Stillman Berry (1887-1984), American marine zoologist
  • Henry Bryant Bigelow (1879-1967), American marine biologist
  • Rachel Carson (1907-1964), American marine biologist
  • Carl Chun (1852-1914), German marine biologist
  • Charles Darwin (1809-1882), wrote Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs (1842 )
  • Paul K. Dayton ( born 1941 ), American benthic marine biologist
  • Anton Dohrn (1840-1909), German marine biologist
  • Ernst Haeckel (1834-1919), German physician, zoologist, marine biologist and evolutionist
  • Johan Hjort (1869-1948), Norwegian marine zoologist and one of the founders of ICES
  • Bruno Hofer (1861-1916), German fish scientists
  • August David Krohn (1803-1891), German - Russian zoologist
  • William Elford Leach (1790-1836), English zoologist and marine biologist
  • Nikolai Miklucho - Maklai (1846-1888), Russian marine biologist and anthropologist
  • Sir John Murray (1841-1914), Scottish- Canadian marine biologist
  • Ed Ricketts (1897-1948), American marine biologist
  • Georg Sars (1837-1927), Norwegian marine biologist
  • Michael Sars (1809-1869), Norwegian theologian and biologist
  • Charles Wyville Thomson (1832-1882), Scottish marine biologist
  • Gunnar Thorson (1906-1971), Danish marine biologist

Important Institute of Marine Research

Benthic zone Field work Gotthilf Hempel John Murray (oceanographer) Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research Botany Census of Marine Life Integrated Authority File
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