Miguel Ãngel Asturias
Miguel Ángel Asturias Rosales ( * October 19, 1899 in Guatemala City, † June 9, 1974 in Madrid ) was a Guatemalan writer, poet and diplomat. Asturias was awarded the 1967 Nobel Prize for Literature.
Life
As the son of a judge ( mestizo ) and a Mayan Indianerinkonnte Asturias in 1917 to study medicine, journalism and law in his home country. After graduation, he co-founded with friends in 1922 a community college, which should allow education for the poor layers. In 1923 he received his PhD on the social problems of Indigenous and he went to Europe to record in London a study of political economy, which he broke off after a few months. Instead, he studied in Paris until 1926, religion and ethnology at the Sorbonne, in particular the pre-Columbian cultures of Latin America and habilitated on the subject of Indian mythology. After his studies he remained first in Paris and made several trips through Europe.
During this time he made his first literary publications, such as the 1930 published book legends from Guatemala, which expressly praised by Paul Valéry and he became known as a wordsmith and literary discoverer of the Maya world world. In 1933 he returned to Guatemala, where he is a writing and teaching ban was enacted by the Guatemalan dictator Jorge Ubico. In 1942 he was a deputy in the Congress of Guatemala. After the fall of the dictator Jorge Ubico in 1944 he entered the diplomatic service, was appointed as Professor in 1946 cultural attaché to the Guatemalan embassy in Mexico City, from 1947 in Argentina and later in El Salvador. He published many works in this period that could not appear under the dictatorship. In 1954, in Guatemala, the government of President Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán was toppled by a coup, Asturias resigned from his position and went to 1966 into exile in Argentina.
1966 found after twelve years back free elections in Guatemala instead. The President-elect Méndez Montenegro, Asturias appointed again as a diplomat for his country - as ambassador to Paris. In the same year he was awarded the Lenin Peace Prize for the year 1965.
1967 Nobel Prize for Literature for his banana trilogy, he was awarded mentioned cycle of three novels.
Asturias is a representative of Magic Realism in Latin American literature, the processes in his work the myths and legends of the indigenous people of his homeland; especially the Mayas, whose main Quiché people. It also addresses the social, political and economic conditions in Latin America, the negative effects of dictatorships and the U.S. role in this region of the world.
Asturias is buried in the Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris.
Family
Asturias ' son Rodrigo was from 1971 a leader of the guerrilla movement Organisación Revolucionaria del Pueblo en Armas ( ORPA ), who fought against the Guatemalan military dictatorship. He used the code name " Gaspar Ilom ", which he had taken from his father 's novel The corn people.
Works (selection)
- Banana trilogy ( " La Trilogía de la república de la banana" ). Lamuv -Verlag, Göttingen 1991.
- The evil thief. Roman ( " Maladrón "). Suhrkamp, Frankfurt / M. 1981, ISBN 3-518-01741-1.
- Three out of four suns. An essay - novella Poem - Dream ( "Tres de cuatro soles "). 1971 Kiepenheuer, Leipzig, 1991, ISBN 3-378-00491-6.
- Don Nino or The Geography of dreams. Roman ( " Alhajadito "). Lamuv -Verlag, Göttingen 1994, ISBN 3-88977-362-1.
- The Mr. President. Novel from Guatemala, 1946 ( " El Señor Presidente ☞ s "). Rotpunktverlag, Neuaufl. Zurich 2009, ISBN 978-3-85869-386-0.
- A country that tastes. Essays and poems ( " Comiendo en Hungría "). Corvina Publishing House, Budapest, 1970 ( along with Pablo Neruda ).
- Legends of Guatemala ( " Leyendas de Guatemala "). Suhrkamp, Frankfurt / M. 1994, ISBN 3-518-01358-0.
- The corn people. Novel, 1949 ( " Hombres de maiz "). Lamuv -Verlag, Göttingen 1994, ISBN 3-88977-308-7.
- The Mirror of Lida Sal tales and legends ( " El espejo de Lida Sal" ). Suhrkamp, Frankfurt / M. 1983, ISBN 3-518-01720-9.
- Weekend in Guatemala. Eight amendments to the overthrow of the Arbenz government in 1954 ( " Week- end en Guatemala "). Rotpunktverlag, Zurich 1988, ISBN 3-85869-025-2.