Mikuláš of Hus
Mikuláš z Husi a Pístného ( Nicholas of Hus ) (* about 1375, † December 24, 1420 in Prague) was a Czech Landadliger, politician, and military leader of the Hussites.
Life
Mikuláš z Pístného was first mentioned in 1389 as the owner of the festivals Pístný at Hřebečníky. He was descended from a simple country nobility. End of the 14th century he entered royal service and was King Wenceslas IV of 1399 to Viscount Castle Hus in Bohemian Forest. After 1415 he changed his name after his new seat in the z Husi a Čichtic. After 1417 he was appointed viscount of Prachatitz. In between, he served as mercenaries in Austria.
During the clashes faith he stood on the side of the teachings of Jan Hus. When King Wenceslas IV in 1419 visited the Church of St. Apollinus, he asked him publicly to allow communion under both kinds. Mikuláš was then banished from Prague, but organized religious services and thought about armed resistance after.
Shortly after the King's death on August 16, 1419, he returned to Prague. At the top of Prague rebels he led the attack on the Lesser Town. After the armistice between Sophie of Bavaria and the Hussite Vinzenz von Wartenberg on November 13, 1419 he left Prague and occupied the Green Mountain in Nepomuk. However, he could not defend him for long, he was captured by Bohuslav of Swan Mountain. Mikuláš joined the encampments and was elected as the first of their four captains.
When the Hussites rushed to help the people of Prague before the Battle of the St. Vitus mountain, he led the encampments unit together with Jan Zizka. After the siege of Tábor by Ulrich von Rosenberg, he went back with 350 horsemen. On June 30, 1420 Ulrich's troops were massacred by his unit. He then returned with about forty horsemen to Prague and besieged together with Zizka Vyšehrad. He also occupied a Moldova island in today's Prague district Podolí and thus prevented Sigismund planned attack across the water. He settled then with his entourage in today's Prague district Pankrác down from where he contributed on 1 November to defeat the Royal Crusade Army.
After this victory, the Prague Hussites split. When it was determined after bilateral agreement on 14 November, the Polish king Władysław II Jagiello to serve the Bohemian crown, he was the strongest opponent orator of the agreement. He probably hoped to be proclaimed himself king. On November 17, he left Prague and fought in the conquest of Popovice and after its intake at the castle Leštno with. On November 19, the supporters of the encampments in the Prague old city and then in the New Town the office of alderman was denied.
Mikuláš concluded with the occupiers in Leštno a truce, besieged Říčany and called the Prague Hussites to help. He urged them to be carried by both encampments and from Prague residents because of previous contracts guarding the gates of Prague. The aldermen who guessed his intention, were not included in the proposal and called for the conquest of Říčany called a meeting, attended by nobles and clergy of both camps. At this meeting the faith dispute should be settled. On December 10, as everyone agreed to discuss the clashes in the seat of the noble family of Zmrzlík Schweißing that administered at the time of Peter Zmrzlík Schweißing, the aldermen held a dinner in the Old Town Hall. Were invited, among other things Zizka and Mikuláš. By stating that there threatening him the murder, he denied his coming.
On the same day he left with the vow never return to Prague, the city. As he crossed a bridge over the river Botič with his entourage, his horse bolted. Mikuláš crashed and was seriously injured. He was in the house of Ulrich II von Rosenberg, which he had conquered earlier brought, and died a short time later.
Person
Mikuláš z Husi was not one of the well-known representatives of the Hussites, although František Palacký wrote about him: " ... friends and enemies he was regarded as an outstanding head of the nation and its Standesgnossen ... " Together with Jan Zizka he belonged to the radical wing. He recognized the Hussites soon the power that emanated from a popular movement and knew to use them.
Biography
Miloslav Polivka: Mikuláš z Husi a nižší Šlechta v počátcích Hussite revoluce, Rozpravy Czechoslovak Academy Ved 92/1, Prague 1982