Niederschönhausen

• Northrend
• Schönholz
• Majakowskiring

Niederschoenhausen is a district in the borough of Pankow in Berlin. The metropolitan area is characterized by old mansions and apartment buildings. There is also the Castle Schönhausen. Until the formation of Greater Berlin in 1920 Niederschoenhausen was an independent village in the district of Lower Barnim in Brandenburg.

In today's parlance, Berlin refer Places with Schönhausen always Niederschoenhausen, not removed from the lying area of Old or New Hohenschonhausen in the Lichtenberg district. The secondary name Pankow- Schönhausen is an indication of the adjacent district of Pankow. As a political center of the GDR 1949-1960 Niederschoenhausen was designated by the West as a metonymic Pankow.

History

Since no late Slavic settlement remains have so far been found archaeologically, the village street Niederschoenhausen has been (as well as the neighboring Pankow ) in 1230 founded " from wild root "; later it was deformed in its southern half by Gutsbildung. Around 1250, the village church Niederschoenhausen was built. Documented the village was first mentioned in 1375 in the Land Book of Charles IV as inferior as early as Husen and Nydderen Already Husen. It had 48 hooves, four parish hooves and ten knights hooves, as well as a pitcher. In 1450 there were 52 hooves, because two church hooves were to come. The Knights of hooves and the delivery rights against the Hüfnern alternated several times between several well-known Brandenburg noble families. 1691 acquired Elector Frederick III. the village. The building was created in the late 17th century simple lock was rebuilt in 1704 representative. Frederick II gave the Niederschoenhausen Castle in 1740 his wife, who apart from the king lived there until 1797. In 1949, the castle and the nearby Majakowskiring the center of government of the GDR was. In the fall time met 1989/1990 in the outbuildings of the castle called the " Round Table ". In addition, this essential parts of the Two - plus-Four negotiations took place.

Geography

Niederschoenhausen located north and northwest of the village of Pankow - the western boundary marks the Berliner Northern Railway. Starting from the northern urban development of the city center of Berlin (Prenzlauer Berg) and Pankow it's all about in the hall way of Schoenholzer heath towards the northern outskirts.

To Niederschoenhausen next to the eponymous site include the location locations

• Schönholz,
• Majakowskiring and
• Northrend.

Development

Niederschoenhausen is characterized by a development of villas and apartment buildings that arose primarily around the year 1910 to the 1920s. There is also the Schönhausen Palace, one of the few palace buildings of Berlin, who survived the Second World War unscathed. In the 18th century the castle was in the possession of Queen Elizabeth Christine, the wife of King Frederick II from this period have survived significant parts of the original design. In GDR times, first it was the seat of Wilhelm Pieck, the GDR president, and later, the government guest house. The place of the Central Round Table and the Two-plus- Four talks, who prepared the German reunification, played Schönhausen Palace after 1989 a special historical role. Today is located in the outbuildings of the castle, the Federal College for Security Studies (BAKS ). The lock is opened after a major renovation since 2009 as a museum for the regular visitor traffic.

Until 1960, members of the East German government lived in Niederschoenhausen. They lived at that time the so-called " town ", an area around the Majakowskiring. This part Niederschönenfeld Stockhausen was until 1973 for the "normal population " is not accessible. In Majakowskiring is the "Johannes R. Becher House " as it was officially called until 1990. There dwelt the writer Johannes R. Becher, who also wrote the text for the GDR national anthem. Today is housed in the house is a private company.

About 500 meters west of the Majakowskiring created in 1950 following a decision by the East German government to the road 201 around the artists Erich Weinert settlement.

Niederschoenhausen is a green district: The Schoenholzer Heath, the Brose Park, Castle Park, the public park and cemetery Pankow III are here.

In addition Niederschoenhausen is one of the few districts in the Pankow district, where there are still a cinema are: The Blue Star on the corner Hermann-Hesse-/Waldstraße. From Niederschoenhausen comes Max Skladanowsky, in 1895 a patent on its projection apparatus " Bioscope " and requested his home movies on November 1, 1895 public vorführte in " vaudeville conservatory " for the first time. He is so beside the brothers Auguste and Louis Lumiere and Thomas Edison as a cinema pioneer. In Niederschoenhausen, where he has lived in the street Waldow, he is also buried - in the cemetery IV on Herthaplatz. There is also the grave of honor in the city of Berlin for Carl von Ossietzky. He died in hospital Northrend, which was demolished in early 2006. In temporarily used as a hospital school building at the corner Blankenburger Buchholzerstraße 1947 Hans Fallada was treated. Here he died in the same year.

In Niederschoenhausen is located next to the Protestant Church of Peace Catholic Church of St. Mary Magdalene.

→ See also: List of cultural monuments in Berlin- Niederschoenhausen

Traffic

By Niederschönhausen run the following bus and tram lines:

Of particular importance for road transport, the Federal Highway 96a, which runs through the district.