Ölbach (Wapelbach)

The oil stream in the forest Holter

The oil stream is a 29.6 km long, orographic right tributary of the Wapel in North Rhine -Westphalia, Germany. It rises in the East Westphalian Senne and flows towards the southwest of the area of the circles lip and Gütersloh. The lake is part of the river system in the Ems, its catchment area covers 81.1 km ².

• 5.1 Water type
• 5.2 Nature Reserves
• 5.3 Flora and Fauna

• 6.1 Water Quality
• 6.2 Structure of kindness

• 7.1 Measuring points
• 7.2 Dams
• 7.3 Holter ironworks
• 7.4 watermills
• 7.5 Nepomuk statue

River course

The oil stream springs from three separate sources southwest of Oerlinghausen at an altitude of 165 m above sea level. NN in the Senne in a strongly deepened Kastental in the nature reserve with Ölbachtal August villages dune field. As for all Senne streams typically follows the oil stream in approximately parallel path of the southwest flattening of the Teutoburg Forest. Over the years, the sources have increasingly shifted downward stream, which is why today, above the actual source area followed by a dry valley.

The oil stream flows through after receiving the first stream Westerholter the city Schloss Holte- Stukenbrock. In Stukenbrock there is a dam, around ponds and tributaries that were created in 1975 and is now partly under nature protection, for the purposes of fish farming to be able to string with water. After passing under the motorway 33 the waters flowing through Schloss Holte. West of the village there are other standing waters that are fed by the oil stream. First, there are two Collects oak that served the former Holter ironworks as water reservoirs. Shortly thereafter, the oil stream then reaches the Holter castle whose moat he also supplied with water. At this point the water has already occurred in the Holter forest and happened shortly thereafter located there in 1000 -year-old oak.

Make sure the oil stream flows through the central Holter forest, from there, already within the city limits of Verl, the country Erbach on.

Later in Verl north is the village flowed through and then divided in the amount of the in- district Sürenheide Verler lake temporarily into a bayou ( age oil Bach) and a newer arm ( New oil Bach) on. Southwest of this emerged in the 1980s and fed by the oil stream excavated lake formed by the River course in a total of 7.5 km long and exclusively rural section of the border city of Gütersloh. First, there is the limit to the city Verl and subsequently to the city Rietberg, where the oil stream passes north on Rietberger district Varensell. Finally, the river forms the border between Gütersloh and Rheda- Wiedenbrück before it completely enters Rheda- Wiedenbrücker base near the hamlet of Lintel height on the flow of the A2.

Shortly after the Good Schledebrück was happening within a small forest, the oil stream, the 8.3 km long tapering from Spexard Wiedey - river takes on the right side and ends shortly thereafter in Rheda forest in the Wapel, which flows through the Dalke in the Ems.

The waters overcomes during its flow path a height difference of 96 meters, thus results in an average bed slope of 3.2 ‰.

Tributaries

The largest tributaries of the oil stream is the country Erbach, who has a little more than seven miles over a catchment area of ​​21.5 km ². The country Erbach in turn flow to the Kramp Bach and the Dalbkebach in which it is one of the arrester Menkhauser stream and thus provides a link between the Menke Bach and the Bach - oil system. A series of small, unnamed streams flow to the oil stream coming from the Holter forest, thus drain with the exception of Rodenbaches all leading through the Holter forest river in him. The direct tributaries of the oil stream add up to a flow distance of 40.05 km. If we calculate the leading in these streams waters with a, resulting in a backwater network of 65.62 km length.

The table below shows the tributaries of the oil stream in order from source to mouth. Named parameters are the orographic situation, the mouth position, stating the stationing kilometer, the length, the size of the catchment area, the mouth height and the water code.

Infrastructure in the oil stream

Throughout the water course of the European cycle route lead R1 and congruent in this area, " D-net Route 3 " repeatedly on the barrel of the oil stream along or crossing them. In the area of ​​Holter forest also have the BahnRadRoute Teuto Senne and estuary near underflow and the BahnRadRoute Hellweg -Weser points of contact with the stream.

In Schloss Holte leading from Bielefeld to Paderborn Senne -Bahn ( KBS 403) crosses the oil stream, beyond crossing the line Gütersloh - Verl- Kaunitz - Hovelhof the Teutoburg Forest Railway ( TWE ), a further railway line the waters. In addition to the federal highways 2 and 33 crosses just before the mouth of the federal highway 61 the oil stream, and in Stukenbrock the former Senne City to Paderborn leading section of national road 68, which was 33 but downgraded after completion of A for the national road 756.

Geology

The oil stream is as well as the adjacent in the Senne river springing is the classic type of sand creek, whose sediments were deposited in an up to 60 meters thick layer by the influence of meltwater after the Saale glaciation. These immense quantities of sand derived from crushed by the ice Osning sandstone from the Teutoburg Forest. The Teutoburg Forest is also traversed by a water-impermeable marl layer, which reaches the surface within the Senne and occur at the edges of the Senne streams to light.

While the top oil stream source is fed by probably surface groundwater, promotes the lowest around 100 meters further down-stream brook source karbonatreiches deep water to light and leads to a decrease of the water temperature by about one degree.

Climate

The barrel of the oil stream is located in the temperate zone of Central Europe. Due to the location in the maritime climate prevails throughout the year subatlantischen before a humid climate with relatively evenly distributed rainfall. Fall at the site in Oerlinghausen and thus in the field of sources in the long-term average total of 1026 mm of rainfall per year. Thus in this area falls considerably more precipitation than the German medium (700 mm). In Verl and thus in the middle reaches of the water, the total precipitation in the long-term average is only about 770-830 mm for the lower reaches are similar values ​​. The high rainfall in the source area is affected by slope rain, as the Senne is on the southern slopes of the Teutoburg Forest. These circumstances also have an effect on the discharge flow of oil stream, the / s at the level Verl on average 636 l.

Due to the relatively high flow rate of the stream does not freeze even with severe sub-zero temperatures; a frost-free channel in the middle of the stream bed is maintained even at prolonged periods of frost.

Environment

Type of water

The barrel of the oil stream can be divided into two types of flowing water: from the source to the entrance to the Verler urban area the water is considered to be sand embossed lowland stream (type 14) from here is one of Bach with increasingly -widening flood plain to its mouth as Small lowland rivers in river and stream valleys (type 19).

Nature Reserves

The source region of the oil stream is located within the approximately 169 -acre nature reserve " Ölbachtal with August villages dune field " that extends largely over the area of the Lippe and the much smaller part of the territory of the district of Gütersloh. The protection area is characterized by the Kastental close to the source of the brook, large pine forests, as well as by isolated heathland and the eponymous dune fields.

In the field of Schloss Holte- Stukenbrock the area traversed by the oil stream Holter forest with its small-scale peat soils and its significance for baumhöhlenbewohnende species is also reported on a total of 619 ha of land as a protected area.

The nature reserves Kipshagener ponds in Schloss Holte and Flecker Heath in transmission are indeed in the immediate vicinity of the stream, but not on it.

Flora and Fauna

The oil stream can be divided into two regions fish: Within the limits of the Holter lock, the water belongs to the " upper trout type ( lowland ) " and below that point to the " lower trout type ( lowland ) ". Differences, both types with regard to the lower flow rate, the predominant substrates and the different water temperatures. Leitfisch both regions is the brown trout. Overall, however, the oil stream has largely unsatisfactory conditions for colonization by fish, which is due mainly by migration obstacles in the form of transverse structures. In contrast, provides the oil stream especially in the middle and lower reaches very good conditions for living on the sea bottom organisms such as amphipods or for the larvae of caddis flies and sticking.

Especially in the area of ​​two storage ponds, which are upstream of the fish farm in Stukenbrock for the purpose of fresh water supply, there is one occurrence of the Daubenton's bat. The castle Holter Collect oak and the moat are spawning numerous amphibians, especially frogs are found in larger flocks. Throughout the course of the oil stream both the kingfisher, and the dippers can be observed. Close to the bank of the water body moisture- loving trees such as alder and ash are found.

Water quality

Water quality

The water quality of the oil stream and its tributaries is affected by, among other material inputs from agriculture, such as nitrates (fertilizers ) and pesticides as well as a high burden of urban drainage. In the stream water metals such as zinc, copper, lead and cadmium have been found. A significant proportion of these impurities should come from the rainwater in the opinion of the State Office for Nature, Environment and Consumer Protection. About leads from the road network metals may access through traffic or tire debris in the water; but also metal roofs, gutters and industrially used areas contribute to pollution.

In the immediate source area of ​​the oil stream to show strong effects of soil acidification in the form of bediedlungsfeindlich acting flocculation of aluminum, which is released with increasing acidification of the soil. Reasons for the strong acidification of the oil stream sources are the low buffering capacity of the soil karbonatarmen Senne against entries from the atmosphere as well as the increased uptake of airborne pollutants by the site-specific pine stands. Because of these features, the sources since 1990 serve as a trend measurement point within the national water monitoring system. Below the sources, however, there is a rapid neutralization of the stream water.

Overall, the water quality of the oil stream, however, has improved over the investigations from 1998. While the water was in this period associated, especially in the lower reaches of still water quality class II-III, and thus as " critically loaded " was, the grade, in this section, according to the result from 2009 consistently be achieved II, which only a modest yet contamination of the river water equivalent.

Structural quality

Although the course of the oil stream through predominantly rural and partly protected areas exist throughout the river course structural water damage. The structure of the report of the Environmental Agency of North Rhine -Westphalia from 2005 finds five different structural grades in the watercourse. The most substantial deficits can be found in the district of Stukenbrock, since the oil stream is piped here in sections and flows freely only in small areas. In this area, the creek is assigned mainly of grade VII, which corresponds to a complete change and excessive water damage structure.

The water structure is improved in the area of ​​Holter forest where the Bachaue is occupied mainly by forest and grassland. In subsections here can be achieved III quality class, which corresponds to moderately impaired. The local area of ​​the Verl oil stream comprises primarily on a strong structural damage and is assigned according to the quality class VI, which is due in this area, especially the straightening of the river bed. In the lower reaches, where the oil stream marks the Gütersloher city limits and crosses no other settlement areas, however, the structural quality can be assessed somewhat more positively. Often here in a significant decrease corresponding grade IV is achieved in the region of the mouth again the grade III.

Overall, however, the oil stream are in the course determine significant water structural changes, which are mainly due to Verdolungen, dams, weirs and straightening. According to the water quality report from the year 2001, around 78 % of the total flow path of the oil stream are considered to be non-natural or non-natural.

Buildings on the oil stream

Measuring points

To capture the runoff of the oil stream exist in the river course of five measuring stations, each equipped with writing levels, and where the stream bed was made each in a wooden measuring profile.

Downstream considered the first facility is located in the upper reaches at the level of the mill Bokel Meyer, while the second system is to be found in the settlement area of Stukenbrock. In this measuring point is the oldest level, which was taken in November 1932 in operation. The third measurement system exists in Schloss Holte in Holter forest, and the fourth station at the height of the mill Muehlgrund in transmission. The last measurement system is finally on the edge of the forest east of Verler local area.

Dams

As in the neighboring country Erbach found in the oil stream in several places remains of old dams. These were closed earlier in order to flood the adjacent meadows and to fertilize the nutrient-poor soils due to the suspended solids. The aim of this called " meadow rafts " process was to achieve several times a year for hay mowing possible even in dry years. To prevent conflicts with mill owners and the Bevorteiligung of brook upstream weir operators, compulsory intervals and permissible surge heights at the time were regulated by the relevant government district for the rafts.

The method of Wiesenflößens was discontinued Only with the advent of chemical fertilizers in the first half of the 20th century.

Holter ironworks

The age of industrialization began in the oil stream in 1839 when the estate owners Friedrich Ludwig Tenge built the Holter ironworks in 1842, which occurs in the range of Schloss Holte bog iron ore was smelted. The bog iron originated in northern Germany after the last ice age during the Holocene and formed mainly in river valleys in flow through iron-bearing groundwater fine to medium -grained sands. In addition to the high incidence of turf iron ore and the Holter forest and the oil Bach contributed to the choice of location at: The charcoal obtained from the Holter forest was fed to the blast furnace used for smelting, and the machines of the ironworks were operated by water power from the oil stream. To this end, the slope of the river bed was significantly deepened in order to bring water wheels and later a water turbine used to.

As a reservoir for low water times 500 meters originated in 1843 bach upwards of two -fed by the oil stream Collect oak. When the Holter ironworks operation in 1966 ceased, and was eventually fell below mostly demolished this Collects oak remained. Today, the two waters form a wetland and can hike around a nature trail. After the connection between the oil stream and the collecting oaks was regulated in recent decades over a weir, the connection is made after modification of today an open watercourse which overcomes the difference in height over ground sills and thus establishes a continuity for aquatic fauna.

Water mills

With the water in the oil stream water mills were operated centuries ago.

In Stukenbrock is already about one kilometer below the headwaters of the mill Bokel Meyer- Stennenberg, which was formerly operated for the production of paper.

The house Muehlgrund located on the edge of the nature reserve Holter forest in the district Verler transmission. In this structure there is a restored flour mill with water wheel rückschlächtigem, two grinding passes and modern electricity through a water turbine. The building is managed and today represents a popular especially among cyclists destination

When Verler village mill is a timber-framed building with hipped roof. The mill located at the northern entrance is the oldest mill in the urban area; it has already been mentioned for the first time in 1370 and has a truss core, which should go back to the year 1598. The look owes a comprehensive renovation in 1819. Village The mill is now no longer in use, a water wheel also does not exist anymore.

The listed Colorful mill is located in the district of Verler Sürenheide near the Verler lake. In this set up in 1832 building is a four-column - timbered building with Längsdeele. The mill has two stone courses, mixers, separators and further includes a water turbine that produces 7.5 kWh of electricity at optimum utilization. To operate the mill was colorful with the new oil stream a Gewässerarm in the higher southern laid with the aim to achieve a maximum fall height for energy production.

The Delkenmühle is located north of Varensell also run on the new oil stream. The Grade II listed building was built in 1725 and originally had a large undershot waterwheel, which was later replaced by two water wheels of different size. After the building on the setting of Mahlbetriebes had no more water wheel, it was restored in the 1990s and restored the original mill wheel. In the reconstruction helped parts of the old mill wheels that could be found in the mud of the oil stream.

The last mill in front of the mouth is originally from the 12th century water mill Schledebrück, which is located on the same estate at Lintel.

Nepomuk statue

At the height of the front of its Verler village mill road bridge is a statue of St. John Nepomuk, who is among other things the patron saint of bridges as well as a patron against water hazards. The statue was originally a wooden figure comes from 1752 and was made ​​at the behest of the former Counts of Kaunitz - Rietberg, who made the patron saint of the county of Rietberg in the 18th century Nepomuk. After the destruction of the figure in 1920, the statue was replaced by a figure of stone that has, however, also destroyed in 1976. Based on this figure, the stone statue was re-erected in 1980. However, the current version of the Nepomuk statue continues to bear the Year 1752 in the base inscription.

Etymology

About the origin of the name " oil Bach" can only speculate; sound evidence have not yet been rendered. It is possible that the term refers to located at the creek mills are said to have once served also the extraction of edible oil. Another theory focuses on shimmering and how an oil layer effect areas on the water surface, which can be attributed visible in some sections of the water and on the natural occurrence of hydroxide in the stream water.

A second possible explanation for the origin of the name is derived from the Low German word " Ohlie ", which means swamp.

Others

Especially the inhabitants Verls show a great attachment to the body of water, then for Verl the term " oil Bachgemeinde " or since the collection to the city as " oil city of Bach " usual. In addition, a piece of music with the text line "publishing on the oil stream (...)" is directly related to the closeness of the city on this river.