Philipp von Jolly

Johann Philipp Gustav von Jolly ( born September 26, 1809 in Mannheim, † December 24, 1884 in Munich) was a German physicist and mathematician.

Life

He was born in 1809, the son of Louis Jolly ( 1780-1853 ), businessman and mayor from 1836 to 1849 from Mannheim, and Marie Eleonore Jolly, born Old ( 1786-1859 ). His brother was August Julius Isaac Jolly (1823-1891), professor of law at Heidelberg and from 1861 Baden politicians.

He studied mathematics, physics and engineering 1829-1831 and 1832-1833 in Heidelberg in Vienna, finally in Berlin. In the fall of 1830 he dissolved the price question of Arts " de Euleri meritis de functionibus circularibus ..

In Heidelberg he became in 1830 a member of the Corps Hassia. He supplemented the curriculum through self-study. Since none of the universities he visited the students offered an opportunity to acquire experimental practice, he volunteered at mechanics and glass blowers and acquired technical skills. After graduation, he worked for about a year at Heinrich Gustav Magnus in Berlin, just einrichtete a first physical education laboratory in his apartment. There he decided to start an academic career. After receiving his doctorate in Heidelberg ( 1834) and immediately follow Habilitation for Mathematics, Physics and Technology in 1839 where he became an associate professor of mathematics and in 1846 full professor of physics.

Since no physics laboratory was present in Heidelberg, he received two rooms in the house of his predecessor Munke provided for the establishment of a laboratory is available and there could 1847-1854 each of which forms a small number of experimental students practical. In 1854, he joined as the successor of ohms to Munich, where he was involved in the reorganization of the Bavarian technical institutes.

Jolly ( 1854: Jolly; Bavarian noble people ) has become primarily an experimental physicist (among other things by measuring the gravitational acceleration by means of precision scales, see also Jollysche spring scale ) and as an instrument maker known. From his internship teaching authoritative apparatus emerged, in addition to the spring balance the air thermometer Kupfereudiometer and the mercury air pump. He determined the specific gravity of the liquid ammonia, studied the expansion of the water by the heat, calculated expansion coefficients of oxygen and other gases .. The training he had received in his youth as a mechanic, was it helpful for the construction of his experimental equipment. The spring balance, he completed several years in experiments to such fineness that their accuracy was 0.001 mg per kilogram weighed. In this way he was able to very accurately determine specific weights. Another area was the osmosis.

Among his students was in Munich Max Planck, the Jolly 1874, however, dissuaded from studying physics.

On October 1, 1839, he married Luisa Wüstefeld ( born June 29, 1821 in Heidelberg, † January 24, 1874 in Munich ), daughter of Dr. jur. Johann Friedrich Wüstefeld (1791-1833); from this marriage were five sons and one daughter out, including Ludwig von Jolly (1843-1905), professor of administrative law in Tübingen, Friedrich Jolly (1844-1904), professor of psychiatry in Strasbourg, and Julius Jolly (1849-1932), professor of Sanskrit and comparative linguistics in Würzburg.

As Bavarian representative he was involved in the Federal Assembly in 1861 in Frankfurt / Main at the introduction of the meter system in the German Confederation. In letters he wrote from Frankfurt to his wife, he deplored the slow progress of the negotiations. He taught himself as secretary of the 25 sessions, and used his position to speed up the proceedings. In 1872 he was a delegate of the Munich Royal Academy of Sciences participated in negotiations of the Commission Internationale du Metre in Paris, which led to the international Metre Convention in 1875.

In 1872 he was a member of the German Central Commission for the World Exhibition in Vienna.

With the help of a lead ball with a weight of 5775.2 kg and a diameter of nearly a meter, which is on display at the Deutsches Museum in Munich, pointed Jolly 1879-1880 the correctness of the law of gravitation by what the severity of each item with the square of the distance decreases from the center of the earth.

Writings

• Specimen primum ad doctrinam de Machinarum effectu pertinens, per munere professoris extraord. phil in fac. etc. Rupertu - Carolae rite susipiendo scr. Habilitation thesis, Heidelberg, 1841

• Instructions for differential and integral calculus. Heidelberg 1846.

• The principles of mechanics presented gemeinfasslich. Stuttgart 1852.

• Experimental studies on endosmosis. 1849 Poggendorff 's Annalen Vol 78

• About the physics of molecular forces. Speech at the public meeting of the Academy of Sciences on March 28, 1857 in Munich.

• Of the sources of heat of the Earth. 1850, Collection of lectures in Liebig's auditorium.

• About the specific gravity of the liquid ammonia. presented at the meeting of the Natural Sciences of the Academy of Sciences in Munich on 10 November 1860.

• A new Bathometer and graphic thermometer applied to depth measurements and temperature determinations in Koenigssee, Walchensee and Lake Starnberg. 1862 Sitzungsber. d Academy of Sciences.

• Expansion of the water is between 0 ° and 100 °. 1863 Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences.

• A spring scale to exact measurements. 1863

• Annual reports of Munich Geographic Society: About the color of the seas. 1871; About the nature of the sea floor according to the results of the cable laying. 1871; About the work of the rivers and the change in the river beds. 1872; Report on the recent geographical expeditions and the progress of the physics of the earth. In 1874.

• About the coefficient of expansion of some gases and air thermometer. 1873 Poggendorff 's Annalen, cheering band.

• The variability in the composition of the atmospheric air. and applying the balance to the problems of gravity. In: Proceedings of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences. Munich. Math Physikal. Kl 13 (1880 ) and Kl.14 (1883 )