Plantago

Plantain ( Plantago major)

The plantains ( Plantago ) are a genus of flowering plants in the family of the plantain family ( Plantaginaceae ).

• 2.1 types

• 4.1 Literature
• 4.2 Notes and references

Description

Appearance and leaves

The plantain species grow as annuals to perennial herbaceous plants or dwarf shrubs. The leaves are in a rosette or distributed basic standing against or alternate on the stem. The leaves are so-called " rachis leaves " The lamina consists only of the rachis, so the sheet cores are in parallel or arcuate.

Inflorescences, flowers and fruits

On more or less long Blütenstandschäften are Vielblütige, little head shaped or eared inflorescences. The flowers are cruciform. The corolla lobes are usually from or are bent back. The stamens set in the Blütenkronröhre. The ovary is two to vierkammerig. The fruit capsules contain several seeds.

System

The genus Plantago belongs to the tribe Plantagineae within the Plantaginaceae. People used to put them in the Veronicaceae family.

The genus Plantago is partly further subdivided into sections on several subgenera this:

• Subgenus Bougueria ( Decne. ) Rahn
• Subgenus Coronopus ( Lam. & DC. ) Rahn: Section Coronopus DC.
• Section Maritimae H. Dietr.

• Section albicans
• Section Gnaphaloides
• Section Hymenopsyllium
• Section Lanceifolia
• Section montanae
• Section Psyllium

Species

In the genus Plantago about 190 species can be distinguished. Here is a selection types:

• Psyllium plantain ( Plantago afra L.) ( subg. Psyllium Psyllium sect. ): A synonym is Plantago psyllium auct. The home is Southern Europe, the Canary Islands, Africa, Western and Central Asia to Pakistan.
• Whitish plantain ( Plantago albicans L.) ( subg. Psyllium sect albicans. ): The home is Southern Europe, North Africa, the Canary Islands and Western Asia.
• Stem Comprehensive plantain (. Plantago amplexicaulis Cav ) ( sect subg. Psyllium albicans. ): The home is Southern Europe, North Africa, the Canary Islands and West Asia to India and Pakistan.
• Sand Plantain (. . Plantago arenaria Waldst & Kit) ( subg. Psyllium Psyllium sect. ): Synonyms are Plantago indica L., Plantago psyllium L. and Plantago scabra Moench: The home is Europe, North Africa and Western Asia to Siberia.
• Plantago argyrea E. Morris ( subg. Psyllium sect Gnaphaloides. ): The home is the southern U.S. and Mexico.
• Plantago aristata Michx. ( subg. Psyllium sect Gnaphaloides. ): The home is the United States; naturalized but the species occurs also in Ukraine and in China.
• Plantago asiatica L. ( subg. Plantago ): The home is India, Indochina, Malaysia, China, Japan, Korea and Taiwan.
• Mountain - plantain ( Plantago atrata Hoppe) ( subg. Psyllium sect montanae. ): The home is Europe and western Asia.
• Plantago australis Lam. ( subg. Plantago ); with at least eight subtypes: The home is in North, Central and South America.
• Krähenfuß plantain ( Plantago coronopus L.) ( subg. Coronopus sect Coronopus. ): The home is Europe, North Africa, Macaronesia and Asia; naturalized comes the kind also found in Australia, New Zealand and North America.
• Plantago debilis R.Br. ( subg. Bougueria ): The home is Australia.
• Plantago depressa Willd. ( subg. Plantago ): A synonym is Plantago tibetica Hook. f & Thomson. The home is Asia.
• Plantago elongata Pursh ( subg. Plantago ): The home is Canada, U.S. and Mexico.
• Plantago erecta E.Morris ( subg. Psyllium sect Gnaphaloides. ): The home is the United States and Mexico.
• Plantago hawaiensis ( A. Gray ) Pilg. ( subg. Plantago ): The home is Hawaii.
• Plantago helleri Small ( subg. Psyllium sect Gnaphaloides. ): The home is New Mexico and Texas.
• Kiel- plantain (. Plantago Holosteum Scop ) ( subg. Coronopus sect Coronopus. ): The home is southern Europe and western Asia.
• Plantago hookeriana fish. & C. A. Mey. ( subg. Psyllium sect Gnaphaloides. ): The home state is Texas and Mexico.
• Hasenfuß plantain ( Plantago lagopus L.) ( subg. Psyllium sect Lanceifolia. ): The home is Southern Europe, North Africa, Macaronesia and Western Asia.
• Plantain ( Plantago lanceolata L.) ( subg. Psyllium sect Lanceifolia. ): The home is Europe, North Africa and Asia; naturalized but the species is found worldwide.
• Plantago macrocarpa Cham. & Schltdl. ( subg. Plantago ): The home is British Columbia, Oregon, Washington, Alaska and Kamchatka.
• Plantain ( Plantago major L. ) ( subg. Plantago ): The home is Eurasia, but is the kind in the world also naturalized.
• Beach - plantain ( Plantago maritima L.) ( subg. Coronopus sect Maritimae. ): The home is Europe, Asia, North Africa and America.
• Hoary Plantain ( Plantago media L.) ( subg. Plantago ): The home is Europe and Asia.
• Plantago orzuiensis Mohsenz, Nazeri & Mirtadz: .. The home is Iran.
• Indian psyllium (. Psyllium Forssk ) ( sect subg. Psyllium albicans. ): Synonyms are Plantago fastigiata E.Morris, Plantago insularis Eastw. and Plantago ispaghula Roxb. ex Fleming; The home is Spain, North Africa, the Canary Islands, Madeira, West Asia to Pakistan; naturalized comes the style in North America.
• Plantago patagonica Jacq. ( subg. Psyllium sect Gnaphaloides. ): Synonyms are Plantago lagopus Pursh and Plantago purshii Roem. & Schult. The home is Canada, USA, Mexico, Argentina and Chile.
• Plantago princeps Cham. & Schltdl. ( subg. Plantago ): The home is Hawaii.
• Plantago pusilla Nutt. ( subg. Plantago ): The home is the United States.
• Plantago rhodosperma Decne. ( subg. Plantago ): The home is the United States and Mexico.
• Plantago rugelii Decne. ( subg. Plantago ): The home is Canada and the United States.
• Shrub - plantain ( Plantago sempervirens Crantz ) ( subg. Psyllium Psyllium sect. ): A synonym is Plantago Cynops sensu L. 1762; The home is Portugal, Spain, France, Italy and Turkey.
• Blade - plantain ( Plantago Serraria L.) ( subg. Coronopus sect Coronopus. ): The home is Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Portugal, Spain, Italy, Malta, Greece and the former Yugoslavia.
• Plantago subnuda Pilg. The home is Oregon and California.
• Beach Ling ( Plantago uniflora L.) ( subg. Littorella ): A synonym is Littorella uniflora (L.) Asch. The home is Europe and the Azores.
• Plantago virginica L. ( subg. Plantago ): The home is Mexico and the U.S.; naturalized but the species is found in China, Japan, the Caribbean and Canada.
• Plantago wrightiana Decne. ( subg. psyllium ): The home is the United States and Mexico.

Etymology and usage history

The name " plantain " (probably formed by analogy with names such persons or Friedrich Dietrich ) is probably not to be interpreted as " Wegbeherrscher " but points to the location of trails. The name Plantago derives from the Latin " Plantation " for sole.

Even in ancient times, but also in Shakespeare's ' Romeo and Juliet ', the leaves of the plantain were placed on wounds and inflamed areas. More rarely, the plantain root (eg menstrual pain ) was applied. The ancient physicians Galen and Dioscorides include in their writings on a number of applications for the plantain, a v. it should be applied to all malignant tumors, rivers, rotting, dysentery, bleeding. According to Dioscorides the plantain also helps epileptics and asthmatics.

Swell