Russula decolorans
Orange Red Grey stem Russula ( Russula decolorans )
The Orange Red Grey stem Russula ( Russula decolorans ) is a mushroom of the family of Täublingsverwandten. The Täubling is one of the most distinctive species in montane pine or fir forests. The strong gray flesh, the orange-red hat and buttery yellow, attached lamellae are three particulars with which the Täubling can almost certainly determine.
- 5.1 Infra Gene Nomenclature table
- 5.2 varieties
Features
Macroscopic characteristics
The 4 to 12 cm large hat varies in color from orange to brick-red, the age he faded from yellowish. The brim is grooved at the age short. When the hat surface moisture is slightly greasy, otherwise dull and dry.
The extremely fragile fins are young forced yellowish- whitish, very thin and stand. To maturity, they are butter yellow and can later be put in gray. The spore powder is pale ocher and amyloid.
The stem is whitish, later gray and often has a wrinkled surface in the longitudinal direction. Jung is the meat very hard and white, but with age it is a horror of the stem base ago and is dark gray - blackish. The stem base is easily rooted. As with almost all Täublingen also, the stem breaks apart easily. The breaking point is never fibrous or smooth. This is due to spherical cells ( Sphaerocyten ) that are interspersed in nests in the flesh.
The meat has no appreciable odor, taste in the sample, but will find that it has a mild flavor. The Cap flesh discolored with iron sulfate gray pink. Even with guaiac it reacts quickly and intensely blue- green, while phenol wine turns brown the meat.
Microscopic characteristics
The elliptical spores measure 8.5-12 × 7-9 microns and are more or less stand alone, coarse spines, which can be up to 1.5 microns high. The coarse bristly warts are connected together intermittently over fine lines. The spores have - as usual for the russulas - no germ pore.
The basidia are clavate and 50-60 microns long and 13-17 microns wide. They each carry four sterigmata, each carrying a basidiospore. The 65-100 microns long and 11-12 microns wide cheilocystidia - these are the cystidia on the cutting edge slats - are spindle-shaped. At the top they are only partially appendikuliert, that is, they carry a small appendage or appendix. The 70-105 microns long and 7-16 microns wide pleurocystidia look similar, but are appendikuliert for the most part. All Zystiden are numerous and are colored gray black with sulfobenzaldehyde to.
The hat skin is composed by cylindrical, usually wavy and branched, 2-4 microns wide hyphae ( " hair " ), the one-to two times septate - ie divided by transverse walls - are. At the top, they are usually slightly tapered. Between the hair-like hyphae are found more or less club-shaped, 5-9 microns wide Pileozystiden. These are septate one to two times. Said first septum is usually found in the top third. The Pileozystiden stain with sulfobenzaldehyde gray black to.
Artabgrenzung
The gray flesh usually distinguishes good from other like- colored Täublingen the Orange Red Grey stem Täubling. Only young fruit bodies, which still have no gray coloration, can sometimes be confused with the apple Täubling, especially if is not exceptionally tinged pink with him the stem. Both russulas occur at the same sites, on acidic, moist soils in montane coniferous forests or peat bogs, which makes confusion quite probable.
Even more difficult to distinguish between the Orange Red Grey stem Täubling and a heavily faded Wine Red Grey stem Russula (R. vinosa ) is. Microscopically, these are the two types, however, easily tell them apart because the wine red gray stem Täubling in his hat skin has no Pileozystiden.
Stark ausgeblasste specimens could be confused any more with the Yellow Grey stem Russula (R. claroflava ), which occurs mostly in bogs under birch trees.
Ecology
Preferred habitat of the Orange Red Grey stem Täublings are coniferous forests and fells. There its fruiting from July to October. As mycorrhizal he lives in symbiosis with conifers, especially pine, at least in Germany, he is associated in the flat and hilly country rather with Pinus species in the mountains more with Picea. As a strictly kalkmeidende Nadelwaldart likes to grow on acidic soils between heather and prefers moist to wet, base-, nutrient - and nitrogen- poor substrates.
Dissemination
The Orange Red Grey stem Täubling occurs in the temperate and boreal regions of Europe and Northern Asia and North America (USA, Canada). Also from North Africa (Morocco ), there are messages Fund. It is mainly found in the northern regions, it shall be in Scandinavia, the Baltic and the nordrußischen Taiga as widespread in the UK and Central Europe it is moderately common, rare in Western Europe. In the south of its range (southern Central Europe and Southern Europe ), it is increasingly becoming a montane and high montane Art in Germany is locally common, often medium in Switzerland. He was indeed detected in the whole of Switzerland, but most evidence comes from the Alpine region. In the central region, between Geneva and Lake Constance, discoveries were made only sporadically, on mountain chains with more than 1,000 meters above sea level - such as on Harder - however, very many.
In Germany, it is distributed from the coast to the lowlands on suitable soils. But in the lowlands it is rare, at least in West Germany, only in the pine forests only in the low mountain ranges, he is slightly more common, such as in the pine forests of red sandstone Odenwald. In Switzerland, the Täubling is widespread and it occurs mainly in the hilly and mountainous country in some years it can be quite common.
System
Infra Gene Nomenclature table
Bon and Romagnesi put the Orange Red Grey stem Täubling in the sub- section (section ) Decolorantinae. The representatives of the sub-section Decolorantinae are characterized in that they taste mild, gray or flesh blackens and contains their hat skin Pileozystiden, but no Primordialhyphen.
Varieties
Importance
The Orange Red Grey stem Täubling one of the good mushrooms and is aromatic and al dente. The species is classified in Germany in the risk group G3 of the Red List, it is in decline. Main causes of its decline are forest soil fertilization and nutrient input and drainage measures. In Switzerland, he is currently from the Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL ) under " Low Concern" - not listed endangered, more detailed studies have not yet been made .