Rutherfordium

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Rutherfordium is an exclusively artificially produced chemical element with the element symbol Rf and atomic number 104, it is one of the Transactinoiden. All ten known isotopes of rutherfordium are radioactive.

History

A first synthesis of the element was performed in 1964 at the nuclear research center in Dubna. There plutonium was bombarded with Neonkernen:

It was mentioned in the Soviet Union and other countries, according to Igor Kurchatov Kurtschatowium ( Ku ). U.S. researchers rejected the name of political reasons, claimed in 1969 the first evidence of the element itself and suggested the name rutherfordium (Rf), by Ernest Rutherford. Another suggestion was the name Dubnium (Db ). The systematic name is Unnilquadium ( Unq ). Only in 1997 an agreement was concluded on rutherfordium (see Elementnamensgebungskontroverse ).

The first syntheses were later confirmed in 1968/69 conducted by the American researcher Albert Ghiorso, Matti Nurmia, James Harris, Kari Eskola and Pirrko Eskola, Berkeley, USA with the help of the heavy ion accelerator Hilac:

Properties

Rutherfordium is one of the transition metals. It probably has the electron configuration [ Rn] 6d2 7s2 5F14 and hence similar chemical properties, such as titanium ( element ), zirconium and hafnium; with these it is counted for the titanium group. Because of the short decay time - the longest-lived isotope 261 only has a half life of 65 seconds has - and the limited available quantities is the chemical properties so far no importance. Presumably, it is easily hydrated Rf 4 ion in strong acid solution and also complexes in hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid or hydrofluoric acid solutions.

Safety

Classifications according to the Hazardous Substances Ordinance are not available because they only include the chemical danger and play a very minor role compared to the risks based on the radioactivity. Even the latter applies only when there is a relevant matter for that amount.