Sill (river)
The mouth of the Sill in the Inn in Innsbruck
- Vals Bach
- Navisbach
- Viggarbach
- Vill Bach
The Sill is a right tributary of the Inn in Tyrol, Austria, with a length of 42 km.
Running and landscape
The Sill rises in the Zillertal Alps on Alps main ridge south-east of the Brenner Pass. The source is located in the area of Griesbergalm in the district of Gries am Brenner below the Wildseespitze at an altitude of over 2300 m. Below the burner it flows through the Brennersee and then flows north through the North Tyrol part of the Wipptal. Before being discharged into the Inn valley near Innsbruck the Sill formed over the centuries the Sillschlucht, which extends from Gärberbach (village of Mutters ) to below the Bergisel. In the Inn Valley Sill has formed an alluvial fan and the Inn pushed to the foot of the northern chain.
Other interesting places in the river course are named after a nearby inn military Bretterkeller with about five meters at the foot of Mount Pasch in the city of Innsbruck and the Sillfall (height about 4 m), where the Sillwasser is taken. In the basin of the Sillfalles live trout. When Sillzwickel, the name of the mouth, it opens in the city of Innsbruck in the Inn. There, the city has built a large recreation area with showers, toilets, lawns and walking paths in the last ten years.
The most important feeder is coming from the Stubaital Ruetz, which is about 32 km long and drains a catchment area of 321 km ².
Along the Sill leads with Brenner railway and Brennerautobahn one of the three most important Alpine transit routes.
Name
The river in the 12th century as "aqua Sulle " and " flumen coamings ," the confluence of the Inn and Sill as " Singelære " first mentioned ( 1141 and 1187 ) in the ( fake ) certificates of Wilten. Also in Patsch, Pfons and the river Steinach in documents of the Middle Ages and modern times is called " sills " or " Sill ". The name is attributed to the Latin root word silex, meaning " pebble ", " pebbles leading Bach", which with other river and place names (eg Sillian, Silz ) is associated.
The Sillalm the Vals and the above preferred Silesköpfl, mentioned in 1500 as " Sülkogl ", suggest that earlier the Vals Bach was regarded as the upper reaches of the Sill.
Catchment and water management
The Sill has a natural glaciated catchment area of 854.8 km ², of which (as of 2006) 28.1 km ² ( 3.3%). The highest point in the catchment area is Zuckerhütl with 3507 m. The half- height of the Sill river basin is 1,900 m, ie 50 % of the catchment area is greater than this value.
The average discharge at the level Innsbruck -Reichenau is 24.5 m³ / s, which corresponds to a runoff of 29.5 l / s · km ². The flow regime with the maximum in June and minimum in February is typical of a mountain river without significant glacier influence, it is dominated by snowmelt in the higher elevations of the watershed. The highest monthly average is 6.5 times higher than the lowest.
Mean monthly discharges of the Sill ( in m³ / s) at the level Innsbruck -Reichenau Survey period 1951-2009, source:
The Sill has repeatedly devastating floods in today's city of Innsbruck ( Wilten, Pradl, Three Saints, Saggen ), thus were in 1668, for example, 200 fatalities. The bridges were regularly destroyed or damaged.
After two days of intense rainfall occurred on August 6, 1985 for the largest ever measured flood event with a peak flow of 358 m³ / s at the level Innsbruck -Reichenau. Here, the water at the Pradler bridge and flooded parts of Pradl and Three Saints accumulated. Heavily hit was the armory, where parts of the stored in the basement natural history collections were destroyed. Even worse was prevented on 6 August the snow line was at 1000 m and thus the rainfall were tied in 95 % of the catchment area as snow. As a result, the Pradler bridge with altered road layout has been re- built and built flood defenses along the Sill.
Economic use
Already in the 12th century, the Sillkanal has been created, which branches off the Sillfall in Wilten of the Sill and flows back into the sill at the Pradler bridge. He provided Wilten and Innsbruck with water and served numerous business enterprises as an energy source, including saw mills, flour mills, fig mills ( for the production of fig coffee ) and hammer forging. In 1926 there were 20 businesses on Sillkanal.
Today, hydropower is used primarily by power plants: a small power plant at the headwaters in Gries am Brenner, the burner works in Matrei am Brenner, the upper and lower Sillwerk.
Water quality
The water quality class is in Wipptal I- II and in the city of Innsbruck II ( 2005).