Spiranthes

Autumn Drehwurz ( Spiranthes spiralis )

Turning sausages, also called spiral ears and screws leaved, the genus Spiranthes in the orchid family form ( Orchidaceae). The genus contains 33 to 50 species, mainly from North America, but also from Europe, Asia and Australia.

Description

The terminal, erect inflorescence is a Vielblütige grape. The flowers are arranged in one or more lines in a spiral. The peduncle is hairy only at the top, often with glandular hairs. The outer leaves may be hairy. The bracts that cover the inflorescence stem in part, are tubular and end pointed. The bracts are oval to lanceolate. The resupinierten, fragrant flowers are white, light yellow or light green, pink in a few ways. The ovary is spindle-shaped, hairy and twisted. He is facing up, while the tubular perianth is horizontal or slightly nodding. The sepals are each approximately the same shape, not fused together, the outside can be a bit hairy. The edges of the three outer petals are at the base of each other and form a tube, the tips are generally defeated. The lateral petals adhere to the outer petals, they are spatulate to lanceolate. The lip is abruptly narrowed at the base ( nailed ), the nail is short, wedge-shaped. The lip continues with the longitudinal bent downwards, in cross-section U-shaped leaf blade. Are located at the base of the leaf blade at the edge of two thickened rearwardly nectar glands. The front edge of the lip is often curled. The column is short and somewhat clavate, at the bottom it is hairy. The stamen is oval, it is partially surrounded by a thin tissue of the column wraps ( Klinandrium ). The pollinia are yellow, narrow oval with a deep longitudinal furrow. They depend - on pedicels or directly - to an elongated viscid disc ( Viscidium ). The scar is semi-circular to oval. The separation between scar tissue and stamen ( rostellum ) is triangular, bilobed with v -shaped incision, the resulting flap ( between which the Viscidium sitting ) at the top are thin and pointed. The capsule fruit is oval, it contains numerous spindle-shaped seeds.

As different pollinators, bees were observed frequently bumble bees ( Bombus) and honey bees ( Apis mellifera ), but also representatives of the Halictidae, Megachilidae and Andrenidae. Some species are self-pollinated, here the rostellum is regressed. Also apomixis occurs in some species.

Dissemination and locations

The rotation Wurzen have an almost worldwide distribution. The greatest diversity of species is found in North America but also Central America and the far north of South America are populated. Other species occur in Europe, North Africa and Asia. In Southeast Asia, the distribution area of the Indonesian archipelago extends to Australia and New Zealand. Rotation Wurzen come right up to altitudes of 3600 meters. The sites are mostly open, sunny places, such as grasslands or open woods. Most are fresh to slightly dry soils, some species have specialized in wet or temporarily flooded sites.

Systematics and botanical history

Spiranthes is classified within the tribe Cranichideae in the subtribe Spiranthinae. The genus was described by Richard 1817 Lektotyp is the Autumn Drehwurz ( Spiranthes spiralis ). The name Spiranthes was over the older names Orchiastrum seg. and Aristotelea Lour. maintained as autonomous conservandum. It is derived from the Greek words σπεῖρα Speira, " spiral", and ἄνθος anthos, " flower", from.

Closely related with the rotation Wurzen are some Central American genera: Deiregyne, Dichromanthus. Mesadenus and Schiedeella.

The following types are according to the checklist of Kew Gardens in the genre of rotation Wurzen contain:

  • Summer Drehwurz ( Spiranthes aestivalis ( Poir. ) Rich. ), Is found in Europe and North Africa
  • Spiranthes alticola D.L.Jones
  • Spiranthes angustilabris J.J.Sm.
  • Spiranthes brevilabris Lindl. Spiranthes brevilabris var brevilabris
  • Spiranthes brevilabris var floridana ( Wherry ) Luer
  • Spiranthes casei var casei
  • Spiranthes casei var novaescotiae Catling
  • Spiranthes lacera var gracilis ( Bigelow ) Luer
  • Spiranthes lacera var lacera
  • Spiranthes ovalis var erostellata Catling
  • Spiranthes ovalis var ovalis

Gallery

Roman Zoff Drehwurz ( Spiranthes romanzoffiana )

Spiranthes sinensis

Autumn Drehwurz ( Spiranthes spiralis )

Orchidoideae Louis Claude Richard Perennial plant Resupination Ovary (botany) Labellum (botany) Pollinium Stigma (botany) Ancient Greek Royal Botanic Gardens (Kew)
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