Tauber

Map of the course Tauber

The Tauber in Waldhausen ( Wertheim )

The Tauber is a river in southern Germany on both sides of the border between Baden- Württemberg and Bavaria. It originates at the western foot of Franconia, flows in a northwesterly direction about 130 km through the Franconia region and empties into Wertheim from left and southeast into the Main.

• 3.1 Water Quality
• 3.2 Flora
• 3.3 Fauna

• 5.1 Attempts to navigable
• 5.2 Rail
• 5.3 Road traffic

Name

In the first mention the Tauber as tubri ( Gowe ) is ( = Tauber ( gau ) ) and referred dubra ( goe ). The name is from the Celtic word Dubr (or Pl: dubra ) attributed to water. Other derivations explain it by DUBRON (Celtic ) with the meaning quickly put hurrying water. The Celtic word Dubr is in any case on the Indo-European root dhav ( = wash flow ) back, so one can also assume that running water is meant. In today's Welsh ( Welsh ) dwfr simply stands for the word water, which corresponds in Cornwall the word dour ( = Dowr ). Several place names such as Dover in the UK apply it as anglicized forms. In the UK there is also the place name Doverdale ( a Parish near Droitwich, a place in Worcestershire ), which not only sound and outwardly resembles the word Tauber Valley, but probably a similar word origin has ( Dover and Tauber both from kelt. Dubr, Dale and valley both later added explanatory Germanic word part). Some lead Tauber also to the Celtic word dubo ( = black) back, but this is to be regarded as linguistically and factually unfounded.

Geography

Genesis

The valley line der Tauber is characterized by a former tributary of the ancient Danube which ran counter to the present flow direction to the southeast. It included also parts of present-day Main quadrangle. Before the Pleistocene the Tauber valley was wider and flatter. Today's narrow valley formed only during the cold season in conjunction with long-range tectonic uplift. Probably the Tauber Valley was also included in the Talverschüttungsphasen of the Main. Even recent formation processes in the Tauber Valley are read. For example, the green field Hausener St. Achatius Chapel is now more than three feet below the level of the flood plain, which is due to the deposition of Auenlehm, the increased bottoming out at least nine meters over several centuries.

Source

During the 1970s, a disagreement between betting rings in Bavaria and Weikersholz reached in Rot am See in Baden- Württemberg on the question of where the origin of the Tauber actually lie, its peak. Since the stone marked with a razor blade Fountain at Weikersholz is the top source that constantly pours, this fountain is regarded as the origin of Tauber since 1976. From here, about half a kilometer east of Weikersholz, the river has a length of about 129.1 km, a trench upper reaches, which then brings their length 131.6 km, occurs on the northeast edge of the forest Espan about half a kilometer north-west to approximately 467 m above sea level. NN.

Outcome

Less than a kilometer below their source changes the Tauber over to the Bavarian Central Franconia and then flows in a north- northeasterly direction through betting rings and Diebach after Gebsattel, with a short section in Baden- Württemberg at the Thomas mill (municipality Rot am See ). From Gebsattel they directed their course to the north- northwest. After the influx of Schandtauber she begins to dig deep into the layers of their valley Muschelkalk, initially in tight loops. In one of these loops, it attracts over Rothenburg ob der Tauber, which is located on your right 50 meters above the valley floor. Below Tauber cell it changes to the Holder mill in Baden -Württemberg and flows past Archshofen and Craintal, then through the town Creglingen. Once again she crosses to Bieberehren, Rottingen and Tauberrettersheim in a north-facing arc Bavarian soil ( Lower Franconia ) before they finally enters to Baden- Württemberg.

Below Weikersheims it first then flows for a short distance to the west, but this course is reversed already at about 10 kilometers ( air distance) away Bad Mergentheim to the northwest and reserves henceforth at. Your valley widens his next over 20km more and more; between Tauberbischofsheim Werbach and the valley floor reached while its maximum width of about a mile. Just below Werbach it narrows again to some places nearly one-tenth of this value, the flow creates here turn a deep Meander, this time in red sandstone. This windungsreiche and colonization poor section extends over 23 kilometers long river way (air line just over 12 km), at its end, the Tauber finally reached Wertheim where it discharges from the left in the Main.

From the fountain blade - source to the mouth of the river has a length of 131 kilometers.

Catchment and tributaries

The catchment area comprises approximately 1,800 square der Tauber kilometers, of which 660 are in Bavaria. Most important tributaries are the Gollach at Bieberehren that Vorbach at Weikersheim that Umpfer at Königshofen and Gruenbach at Gerlachsheim. Other inflows with lengths between 10 and 20 kilometers are Lord Bach ( in Creglingen ), Steinach ( in Bieberehren ), Nassauer Bach ( at Schäftersheim ) Aschbach ( at Elpersheim / Markelsheim ) Wachbach ( in Bad Mergentheim ), Balbach ( at Unterbalbach ) Brehm Bach ( in Tauberbischofsheim ) and Welzbach ( in Werbach ).

River system Tauber

See list of running water in the river system Tauber

Environment

Water quality

The Tauber was moderately polluted with 2004 levels recorded over her for this race in Baden- Württemberg, from about Tauber Check Bach until shortly after Creglingen and then again from Schäftersheim to all the mouth (class II ).

Flora

The medium and large parts of the lower Tauber Valley are home to a flora that is adapted to summer dry conditions. Here meet heat-loving plants, their original home on the one hand are the Eastern European steppe nations, and on the other the Mediterranean dry grasslands. Here, since the wine production in the not too widely, some of these plants are found in various locations and in sufficient numbers. Characteristic of many grasslands is the blood red cranesbill (Geranium sanguineum ), it can cover large areas. The Common Pasque Flower (Pulsatilla vulgaris) has multiple occurrences, but often consist of only a few plants. The Dutchman's pipe ( Aristolochia clematitis ) is to meet regularly. The Apennine Rockrose ( Helianthemum apenninum ) has already been proven several times, it has migrated from the lower valley. The Burning Bush ( Dictamnus albus) grows primarily in number of forest fringes. The feather grass ( Stipa pennata ) and field - holly ( Eryngium campestre ) only have a few sites with larger populations. So far, very few copies of the monkey - boy Krauts (Orchis Simia ) were found. Maybe it was angesalbt. The military orchid (Orchis militaris ) is much more common. Also very rarely, the fire orchid is (Orchis ustulata ), until 2005 it was detected again. Located high above the Tauber Valley in Werbach one of the few occurrences of Lorraine Leins (Linum leonii ) in Germany. The Narrow-leaved flax ( Linum tenuifolium ) is to be found a little more often. In the Tauber Valley, there are now more than 30 nature reserves, why endangered plant species a protected territory here.

Monkey orchid (Orchis Simia )

Field Eryngo ( Eryngium campestre )

Military orchid (Orchis militaris ), an albino

Fauna

The frequently occurring in the Tauber Valley Steinriegel and poor grass landscapes accommodate not only adapted to drought flora, but also a variety of heat -loving animals. So the Schmetterlingshaft can be observed on very warm days of June, in the area around Lauda- Königshofen. Fence lizard, red and blue -winged horrors refuel on the In sunny weather, fast heat up stone bars energy, the dovetail with preference visited while the flowers on the surrounding dry grass.

For occurring in the Tauber fish species existing climb obstacles are being removed at 25 of the 28 weirs. The Reicholzheimer weir and the weir at the Eulschirbenmühle at Gamburg were equipped with a so-called bypass channels. During the Tauber between Bronnbach and Reicholzheim tributaries were created as a compensatory measure, now accounts biotopes among other diving beetles, Sedge Warbler and since 2006 for the Beavers.

Also suitable in the Tauber valley in Baden- Württemberg and Bavaria still bullhead addition the Dark burnet - Large Blues, the stag beetle Barbastelle and the greater mouse-eared ago.

Economy

The Tauber Valley is known for its viticulture. There are varieties Müller -Thurgau, Silvaner, Kerner, thorn fields Acolon, Pinot Meunier and the specialty Tauberschwarz grown since about 2000, the Zweigelt grape. The Tauber flows through three growing areas, by the Baden area Tauberfranken between Wertheim and Lauda- Königshofen, the Württemberg in the middle ( Markelsheim, Weikersheim and Schäftersheim ) and Bavarian- Franconian in the upper reaches in Tauberrettersheim, Rottingen and Tauber cell to Rothenburg ob der Tauber. In addition, tourism plays a significant role. Particularly well known is the bike path " Tauber Valley " of Rothenburg ob der Tauber to Wertheim am Main, is worth seeing - along with cities - also Bronnbach Monastery in the lower Tauber valley with many terraced sloping banks.

In the larger cities, even larger industrial enterprises have developed, predominantly, the wood processing (eg Weinig and United Spezialmöbelfabriken in Tauberbischofsheim, Ruppel GmbH in Lauda, Bembé Parkett GmbH & Co. KG in Bad Mergentheim ) and the glass industry ( esp. in Wertheim ) and the (fine) mechanical Engineering ( about TREPEL Airport Equipment GmbH, the LAUDA measuring instruments or the Richard Kablitz & Mitthof GmbH).

Traffic

Attempts to navigable

Already in 1244 an attempt was made to make the Tauber navigable. The driving forces behind this were the Count Poppo and Rudolf von Wertheim, who provided the monastery Bronnbach prospect to make the Tauber from the Abbey to the mouth for barges passable and for this to apply also a towpath. However, since expensive locks would have been necessary for the Wertheimer mills, the attempt failed. In the 16th century, similar plans have been re-recorded; this time the Tauber from Tauberbischofsheim should be made ​​navigable, so that goods from the trading towns of Rothenburg and Nuremberg from there could go by river to the Main. Especially Wertheim would it benefit accrues, as it was off the trade routes; However, these plans were not implemented. Once again recorded after the Thirty Years War plans; this time the navigable stretch of Weikersheim should reach to Wertheim. The five country gentlemen who were residents at this range - the County of Wertheim, Kurmainz, the Bishopric of Würzburg, the German Order and the county of Hohenlohe - negotiated from 1661 together. Negotiating points included the costs and their distribution, the duties and the operation of the locks. During the negotiations, an expert from the Netherlands was present, who had already made the Duke of Württemberg in the expansion of the Neckar his services. According to his calculations, the total cost should be at 8,000 thalers, which also required 34 locks should be funded. Since each rule should do the necessary work in their field and routine, was calculated at a cost of about 1,500 rix-dollars for each rule. In November 1662 to Members from all five littoral procured at a deaf ride up from Wertheim an overview of the Wertheimer mills have already been recognized as a problem cases. In the following years, although the growth was at the side of the river, where the towpath should arise removed; but it was found that the cost estimate was too optimistic. The Count of Hohenlohe hoped, for example, that a cost increase of 50 % to 12,000 rix-dollars should be sufficient. The German Order supported the project continues, however, other reasons led to the fact that the project was not pursued: The Wertheimer Count feared for their mills and Kurmainz not expected that Tauberbischofsheim and Lauda would significantly benefit from the expansion. A last attempt was made in 1702; even this was not implemented.

Rail traffic

With the station in Lauda is located in the central part of the Tauber Valley an important railway junction. Here intersects the running north-south double-track and electrified main line from Würzburg to Heilbronn ( and on to Stuttgart and Heidelberg ) with the running from northwest to southeast single-track and non-electrified Tauber Valley Railway between Wertheim and Weikersheim (formerly also up to Creglingen ), the the course of the Tauber follows.

Road

Also der Tauber follows in the central region of the Tauber Valley, the B 290 between Bad Mergentheim and Tauberbischofsheim. Moreover, the course of the valley, the valley is accessible by state roads. Parts of it are part of the significant tourist Romantic Road, the ob der Tauber Rothenburg into a Tauber bridge of 1330.

In Tauberbischofsheim the federal motorway crosses 81 of the Tauber Valley and granted connection to the B 290 The Tauber Valley bridge called girder bridge in the hollow box shape was built in 1968. It has a maximum pier height of 13 m for the standard spans of 55 m.

Hydropower

At the beginning of the electrification of several DC - power stations were operated for local power supply of the adjacent towns by means of water power along the Tauber. The first power station in the Tauber Valley was absorbed. Tauber mill in Lauda, 1889 and started operations. More power stations were approximately in Bad Mergentheim (from 1909), Bronnbach, Rothenburg, Rottingen and Tauberbischofsheim. Between 1920 and 1950, these small power plants were largely abandoned in favor of mostly larger and farther standing alternating current power plants. Today, however, still or again several small plants in operation that generate their electricity by hydropower from the Tauber:

• Electricity plant & power plant Rothenburg ob der Tauber, operated by the municipal works Rothenburg.
• Power station Müller in Tauberrettersheim.
• Mill & power company Karl Kuhn, which supplies since 1898 the place Markelsheim with electricity.
• Hydroelectric plant on the Tauber for Stadtwerke Wertheim, a new power plant, which is operated since 1992 by Linner power station in Engelberg.
• Königshofen, hydropower station Helena Eckert from Königshofen
• Dittigheim, hydroelectric power plant Walter & Marita Eckert from Tauberbischofsheim
• In high Hausen Tauberbischofsheim is also still one of two 65 kW turbines a former mill ready for operation, the (now dwelling house ) is still used to power the former mill building.
• Bronnbach, Hydroelectric Power Station Richard Kail from Knight village

Settlement and territorial history

See Tauberfranken.

The Tauber as eponym

The name Tauber occurs in the names of several places situated on the river. Most prominently among these is the world famous tourist destination Rothenburg ob der Tauber, who has made the name of the river well known. Other places that carry the river on their behalf, are Tauber Check Bach, Tauber cell, Tauberrettersheim and the nationally known through the Olympic Training Center fencing Tauberbischofsheim. The railway line in its basic ie Tauber Valley Railway.

Also named after the river is Baden-Württemberg's Main- Tauber-Kreis. The region along the Tauber is often called Tauberfranken, the landscape south of the river between Bad Mergentheim and Creglingen means Taubergrund.

The Tauber -Franken -Halle in Königshofen since 1967, the largest event hall in the Tauber Valley and is used for industrial fairs, used sports competitions (eg handball), music venues ( Dancefloor and concerts), festivals, folk and sports festivals for the whole region. Every year in September, around the hall instead of the ten-day king Höfer Fair, the largest deaf Franconian folk festival. The Tauberfranken barracks in Lauda was a 20 -acre site of the Air Force of the Armed Forces and was closed in the wake of the nationwide troop reduction and reduction of military bases in 2004. The area is currently being converted into a superior commercial area, including the community has established in 2006 a development company with the name i_PARK TAUBER FRANKEN GmbH.

The Touristikgemeinschaft Tauber Valley marketed as tourist umbrella organization of several counties and municipalities of the Tauber Valley with an emphasis as a holiday and hiking region. The term Tauber Valley is used in many brochures and advertising copy for about 60 years and has become in the region to the standing twist. There is also the removed at the Tauber along officially called Tauber bike path from Rothenburg to Wertheim.

Furthermore, use some, especially younger, the word Tauber companies as part of their name, as the company Tauber- Solar in Tauberbischofsheim. The regional savings bank is named after the Tauber and is called Sparkasse Tauberfranken.

Since 2005 the regional currency Tauberfranken.

Musical notation

In September 2012, the orchestral work was DUBRON - premiered The Tauber. Composed it was by Roxana Littau, which is immersed in the Tauber both as a lovely river on a summer day as well as on a winter day with mist, so that melancholy moods are reflected and reinforced.