Tegeler Fließ

Course of the Tegeler Fließes

View over the Tegeler - flow valley near Luebars

The Tegeler Fliess is a creek in the north of Brandenburg and Berlin. It has a length of 30.4 km, of which 9.9 km are on the city of Berlin. Its catchment area is 172 km ², of which 80.3 km ² in the capital. The lake was named after the Berlin district of Tegel.

Course

The Tegeler Fliess fed by two spring-fed streams in Brandenburg. The first (52 ° 42 '42 " N, 13 ° 23' 31" W52.7117516 - 13.3918529 ) rises in the north-east of Heath Basdorfer Basdorf and forms down the mill pond dam at the mill castle. The second (52 ° 42 '42 " N, 13 ° 23 ' 30" O52.7117914713.39170903 ) comes from the Bahr break, a lowland bog in the Mühlenbecker heath south of Zühlsdorf. In Mühlenbecker lake on the border of counties Barnim and Upper Havel, the two tributaries merge. In the former district of the waters flowing through the municipality Wandlitz, in the latter almost the entire width of the municipality Mühlenbecker country and the outskirts of the village Glienicke / Northern Railway.

The creek flows past Buchenhorst Wolter and between village and Mill Beck pass before he forms the border behind Mönchmühle or west of the railway line Berlin outer ring around eight kilometers in length. Here, the flow separates the Brandenburg towns Schildow and Glienicke / Northern Railway of the Berlin districts Blank field in the district of Pankow, Luebars in the Reinickendorf district. The further course through Hermsdorf ( broadening the Hermsdorfer lake ) and Waidmannslust. Tegel is located in the mouth of Lake Tegel, the drainage is thus in the Havel. Up here around 25 meters in altitude were overcome. In this region, the flow has been extended to the lake Tegeler port and is the end of the north ditch.

History

During the Weichsel glaciation formed under a giant glacier melting a water channel, thus shaping the lowlands of Tegeler Fließes. The gully ranged from Summter and Mühlenbecker Lake to Lake Tegel. In the peripheral area of the stream, the oldest human traces were found in the Berlin area. Stone Age hunters captured here on animal crossing reindeer. Several settlements from the Bronze Age were grouped on the sand back on the flow. An excavated Teerofen from the 13th century shows that in the forests more than 100 years old pine spiked, because only these were used for the Teerschwelerei. During this time the villages developed Mönchmühle ( first mention 1242 ), Wolter Village ( 1242 ), Luebars ( 1247 ), Blank Field ( 1284), Basdorf (1302 ), Tegel ( 1322), Hermsdorf ( 1349 ), Mill Beck ( 1375 ), Schildow ( 1375 ) and Zühlsdorf ( 1375 ). A motive for the local establishment was certainly the great abundance of fish that time.

The construction of water mills in Schildow and Tegel ( today's Humboldt Mill) in 1450 led to water regulation, the emergence of the Hermsdorfer lake Tegeler pond and to Vermoorung. The high groundwater level and the floods prevented the reappearance of swamp forest. The humidity of the fens only allowed for extensive use of the meadows. The farmers were unhappy with the late or entirely prevented mowing. Remedy should provide drainage ditches, whose close-knit network reveals a map of 1839.

Since the 19th century, extensive peat was cut, the result is the Köppchensee. Occupation is also a recovery in the area of ​​Hermsdorfer lake and in the NSG Kalktuffgelände on Tegler Fliess. It was also in 1854 promoted sound when Hermsdorf and burned into bricks. The Hermsdorfer clay pits at the seaside road and the Brickyard ditch evidence of this. End of the 19th century sewage farms were created in the Northeast area of Berlin. The water was discharged through the Tegeler Fliess in Lake Tegel. After setting the irrigator, 1985, the strong nutrient and pollution levels fell. Due to the reduced runoff but was also the source activity back to the valley slopes and the valley was much drier.

Until 1990 the Tegeler Fliess was part of the border between East Germany and West Berlin. However, the border fortifications between Schildow and Glienicke / Northern Railway to the north and Luebars and Hermsdorf in the south were not directly on the water, but on the northern edge of the surrounding meadows. Therefore, the stream between Schildow and Blank field was secured with a water stop. Remains of which can still be found on the Berlin Wall near the Köppchensees.

Environment

The still largely natural meandering Tegeler Fliess shapes the landscape. The highly complex habitat includes sources and source streams, source and fens, dry slopes, wet, moist and fresh meadows, natural alder and gray willow breaks, ponds, lakes, and siltation zones. The flow itself appears as a forest or meadow stream with different flow paths and bayous. The area lies mostly in the federal state cross Barnim Nature Park. In Brandenburg, it touches the conservation area West Barnim, in Berlin, the LSG Tegeler Fliess and the NSG Kalktuffgelände on Tegler Fliess and the NSG fen meadows at Tegeler Fliess. In both states, the Tegeler Fließtal is reported as a Natura 2000 site. In Berlin part there are twelve habitat types and six animal species that are under the Habitats Directive under protection, also nine species of the EU Birds Directive. For a city of millions remarkable.

Flora

For species-rich aquatic vegetation offer are various pond weeds and water star and the Common Hornwort, a surging form of the simple hedgehog piston. On Hermsdorfer lake and Luebars are well developed, species-rich tall herb fringe communities of moist sites with Real bindweed, skipjack or meadowsweet, agrimony vulgar, gnarled figwort and various fireweed. The Great peat on Eichwerder web, a naturally nutrient-rich lake, has a well-developed silt zone and a rich variety of water plants. There are a number of different meadow communities:

Among the forest communities are particularly the alder-ash and the Weichholzauenwälder worth protecting. Larger stocks have evolved Hermsdorfer lake. The other locations are much smaller and because of the adjacent use and changes in river dynamics less natural. The valley is home to many species of willows, the most common is the gray willow, but also basket, laurel, purple and Willow Smith are to be found. Probably occur more species, but even botanists prepares the determination of problems, because the different species can interbreed with each other. One problem is the spread of invasive neophytes so dominate in some sections of Himalayan Balsam, goldenrod, Jerusalem artichokes or ash maple.

Fauna

From the end of May, the Banded Demoiselle flies on floating along, their larvae grew up in the water. In the flower-filled meadows are a variety of insects at home, including bees, bumblebees, hoverflies and wasps. Among the butterflies to find the Red List species clover burnet and birch - tailed. Even butterflies that were considered extinct in Berlin could be detected, such as the marsh - Herbsteule, the grove violet fritillary and the celadon owl. In the stream live 17 from a total of 29 fish species Berlin, next to the main fish, the roach, especially eel, pike, carp, tench and pike. Eleven of the thirteen Berlin amphibian and reptile species occur in the area. Representatives of the bird world are, for example Beutelmeise, Whinchat, Kingfisher, Grey Wagtail, Gray Crane, Red-backed Shrike, Sedge Warbler, Black Woodpecker, Barred Warbler, Common Pochard, corncrake, Water Rail and White Stork. The otter usually betrays itself only in its tracks and the water shrew inhabits the river banks.

• Gallery

The Tegeler Harbour Bridge ( " Sechserbrücke " ) spans the Tegeler Hafen and the Tegeler Fliess ( left)

In Hermsdorf the B 96 crosses the Tegeler Fliess in a former mill

Tourism

Especially between Hermsdorf and Luebars a primitive Bachauenlandschaft received, as it once was typical of the whole Tegeler Fliess. The Eichwerder pier, a 145 -meter-long pile web, leads directly through the flood plain, which here is reminiscent of the major Eastern European river Moore. Many small signs on the nature trail to encourage closer looking. Now comes a refreshing dip in the outdoor swimming pool Luebars on Ziegeleisee or through the well-preserved village center Lübarser a visit to the NSG fen meadows. Located in the popular recreation area provide numerous information boards extra hints. Southwest of Köppchensees the Barnim Dörferweg cross - begins in Wuhletal and ends at Lake Tegel - and the Berlin Wall. Both are ideal for long bike rides or hikes. Each season has its charm, graceful accents of apple with its flowering in May and harvest in early autumn.

Particularly impressive views down into the valley of the Tegeler Fließes offer Luebars and the edge of the slope on Köppchensee. The NSG Kalktuffgelände is only very limited access because of its sensitivity, an impression can be gained of the suburban settlement Blank field from. The item marked with a green cross of Trail passes initially parallel to the German Ceramics Route, by the more developed southern part of the municipality Mühlenbecker country to Mühlenbecker lake. On the castle Dammenmuehle surrounded by beautiful beech and mixed forests, the Museum of Heidekrautbahn in Basdorf and finally the area of ​​Basdorfer source follows. About an intermediate portion on Summter lake is the same mark in the vicinity of the Zühlsdorfer source.