Tilletiales

Spore of Tilletia walkeri

The Tilletiaceae are a group of smut fungi ( Ustilaginomycotina ) and how all the smut fungi, plant parasites. They are the only family of the order Tilletiales.

Characteristics and lifestyle

The Tilletiales are over other systems characterized by the presence of a striped Doliporus in the septum. This has no pores cap. In the middle of the pore channel is an electron- dense plate or grafting. The pore canal is crossed by two three-piece, membranous, symmetrically arranged bands. They are slightly curved and associated with the pore membrane. The strips have a superficial resemblance to those of the Tremellales. They are similar in their structure, however strong the membrane caps the Urocystales, Entylomatales, Doassansiales and Exobasidiales.

The Tilletiales are the only group in which the septa ( Sori ) have in the hyphae of the fruiting body pores.

They are also the sole representatives of the Exobasidiomycetes that are not dimorphisch, they only form Hyphenstadien, no yeasts stadiums. The interaction zones with the host are local and have no interaction apparatus.

The Tilletiales parasitize mainly on grasses. The spores are - formed in the ovary of the host - except in some species of the genus Tilletia.

Development

The meiospores there are two mating types. Between mycelia or spores of different types have a Kopulationsbrücke, on the nucleus, but also the cytoplasm of a cell migrates to the other forms. From this cell a few polynuclear ( dikaryotisches ) mycelium grows out. This mycelium is formed from binucleate conidia that are actively thrown ( Ballistokonidien ).

The teliospores of Tilletiales are formed in the intercellular space of the host. They are the largest among the Ustilaginomycotina. The basidia have no cross walls, so are Holobasidien. At its peak four or eight oblong meiospores ( basidiospores ) are formed.

The haploid mycelia can reproduce by conidia.

System

The Tilletiales among the Exobasidiomycetes. The individual species are morphologically and ecologically quite similar, which makes the genus delineation difficult. The order is Begerow et al. (2006 ) can be subdivided as follows:

  • Tilletiales Tilletiaceae Conidiosporomyces
  • Erratomyces
  • Ingoldiomyces
  • Neovossia
  • Oberwinkleria
  • Tilletia

The Tilletiaceae family was already established by Louis René and Charles Tulasne Tulasne 1847. The name Tilletiales 1967 used by Hanns gyro for the first time, but without the necessary for the validity Latin diagnosis. This was not published until 1997 by Robert Bauer and Franz Winkler top.

Documents

  • Robert Bauer, Franz Winkler top, Kálmán Vánky: Ultra structural markers and systematics in smut fungi and allied taxa. Canadian Journal of Botany, Vol 75, 1997, pp. 1273-1314.
  • Dominik Begerow, Matthias Stoll, Robert Bauer: A phylogenetic hypothesis of Ustilaginomycotina based on multiple genetic and morphological data Analyses. Mycologia, Volume 98, 2006, pp. 906-916. doi: 10.3852/mycologia.98.6.906
  • A. Bresinsky, Ch grains, JW Kadereit, G. Neuhaus, U. Sonnewald: Strasburger - Textbook of botany. 36th edition, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg 2008, pp. 672 ISBN 978-3-8274-1455-7
Dikarya Hanns Kreisel Ovary (botany) Digital Object Identifier
775375
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