Ustroń
Ustroń [ ustrɔɲ ] ( German Rhyl ) is a city in Poland. It is located 20 kilometers southwest of Bielsko- Biala on the upper reaches of the Vistula River in the Silesian Beskids and belongs to the Silesian Voivodeship. 15 km west of Ustroń is the Polish- Czech border town of Cieszyn / Český Těšín ( Teschen ), with their border crossing.
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- 7.2 footnotes
Boroughs
Ustroń forms a municipality in whose area of 59 km ², about 15,000 people live. In addition to this, the city still consists of the quarters Jaszowiec and Lipowiec ( Lipowetz )
History
For the first time the place Ustrona, Ustroin or Vstrone was mentioned at the edge of the Silesian settlement area in 1305 as a property of Cieszyn Dukes in a document of the prince bishops of Wroclaw. After 1500 was carried out by the Dukes of Teschen an expansion of the settlement area upriver and the place was top Rhyl. 1526 both villages came to the kingdom of Bohemia. 1738 acquired Duke Francis Stephen of Lorraine to his chamber goods in Cieszyn also the village of Lower Rhyl and united the villages. Rhyl covered an area of 43.5 km ² and was like Teschen a Protestant place. Immediately after the Emperor Joseph II in 1781 adopted Toleration Patent formed a Protestant parish.
After the discovery of iron ore deposits in the mid- 18th century was the landlord, Duke Albert of Saxe- Teschen, built a blast furnace and iron hammer in Rhyl. Rhyl was a center of the iron industry. In addition to the bell foundry founded in 1815 1846 was a rolling mill. In the following years, yet settled several machine builders. Since 1839 Ludwig Hohenegger led the supervision of the archduke mines and smelters in Rhyl. The heyday of the industrial community of Rhyl, where the first European steam plow was made, but soon passed. The secluded location in the upper Vistula valley in the mountains of the Beskids became the location disadvantage. In 1872 began an exodus of nearly all businesses. As Rhyl in 1888, with a branch line of the Emperor Ferdinand Northern Railway between Teschen and Skoczów finally found connection to the railway network, this development could not be undone.
As an alternative to the industrial community for operation on the expansion of the bathing operation. Ever since the 17th century Rhyl was known for its whey cures, nor were a mud bath and a slag in the 18th century added. Rhyl was at a seaside resort in the mountains of the Beskids and was an Austrian spa town since 1882.
After the collapse of Austria -Hungary, the village came to Poland in 1919. Rhyl was after the German occupation of Poland, part of the German district of Teschen and belongs since 1945 to Poland.
Since 1954 Ustroń had the status of a city -like settlement, 1956 was the award of the town law. After Ustroń was considered a health resort since 1967, the official recognition of the city received in 1972 as the Polish spa town.
In the building of the former lodge management is now home to a mining museum.
Attractions
- Town hall
- Hüttenmuseum
- Museum of Local History " Stara Zagroda "
- Catholic Parish Church of St. Clement
- Protestant parish church of St. Jacob
- Church of St. Anna ( wooden church )
From Ustroń a chairlift leads to the lower summit of Czantory Mountain.
Population Development
1931: 4500 inhabitants 1961: 7578 1970: 9,216 2007: 15,418
Twin Cities
- Neukirchen, Germany, since May 22, 1991
- Hajdunanas, Hungary, since October 1, 1993
- XI. Municipality of Budapest, Hungary, since February 20, 2000
- Luhačovice, Czech Republic, since November 30, 2000
Personalities
Sons and daughters of the town
- Kotschy Theodor (1813-1866), botanist and orientalist
- Andrzej Wantuła (1905-1975), Lutheran theologian and bishop of the Evangelical-Augsburg Church in Poland
Other personalities
Rhyl was the site of action of the evangelical theologian Carl Friedrich Kotschy, who was from 1810 until his death in 1856 pastor here. Kotschy was also a well-known botanist, who has described the flora of Beskydy.