Yponomeutoidea
Diamondback moth ( Plutella xylostella ), a representative of the veil and half moths
The Yponomeutoidea is an approximately 1860 species comprehensive, globally widespread superfamily of butterflies (Lepidoptera ). It occurs in Europe with 263 species and subspecies.
Features
The most important autapomorphy of the group is the formation of extensions on the eighth Pleuron in the males. The pleural praise enclose the genitalia. Their size correlates with the size of the genital apparatus, and particularly since the Valven. The Plutellidae, Acrolepiidae and Heliodinidae the praise are quite small and narrow, with the Bedelliidae and Glyphipterigidae the praise are formed not as separate structures. In these two families we had to put up so additional hypotheses to justify the attribution to the superfamily. Another possible autapomorphy is the presence of an oblique Costa behind the front edge of the second sternum. However, this lacks in Ochsenheimeriinae of the family Lyonetiidae Ypsolophidae and some.
Simple eyes ( ocelli ) and Jordan organs ( Chaetosemata ) are present, or absent. The antennae are filiform, the scape can be combed, or be provided with the above- arranged scales. The proboscis is unbeschuppt and usually well developed. The small Maxillarpalpen are one to four members. They are located at in some species at the base of the proboscis. The labial palps are directed limp or forward or upward. They are not flashy or curved extended above the head. On the last link they wear basal or near the center of a sense organ. An epiphysis is formed. The front rails ( tibiae ) of the legs not that the middle two and the rear four spurs. Occasionally they have also regressed. The rails of the hind legs are scaly usually smooth. On the fore wings a Flügelmal ( pterostigma ) is in some species formed and a notochord available. The wing vein Rs4 is almost always postapikal. Media core is formed in the back region of the cell, as a rule, or is absent. In females, the frenulum usually consists of only two bristles. The second sternum is formed as in the Tineoidea. The spines of the terga of the abdomen are designed differently and are often missing.
For the puppet the sting binding missing on the abdomen. Individual spines are sometimes found together with the setae D1 and SD1. The first to fourth segment of the doll is immobile.
Way of life
The dolls can not liberate by movement of the substrate surrounding them before hatching.
Taxonomy and systematics
The superfamily Yponomeutoidea whose inner relationship is changed frequently, even today a heterogeneous group rather primitive small butterflies. Kyrki already recognized in 1984 first autapomorphies, which justified the monophyly of the group to date, but a clear demarcation of the superfamily is pending. The monophyly of the group is unclear to date as well as the families / subfamilies assignment of a number of species that occur outside the Holarctic. The superfamily includes disregarding the Apoditrysia Ditrysia those whose dolls are not immovable (the opposite circumstance in the subfamily Orthoteliinae the Glyphipterigidae possibly a autapomorphische Back development means ) and their Imagines the scaly proboscis, as have the Gelechioidea. The following families are attributed to the superfamily:
- Web and buds moths ( Yponomeutidae )
- Ypsolophidae
- Veil and half moth ( Plutellidae )
- Acrolepiidae
- Round forehead moths ( Glyphipterigidae )
- Heliodinidae
- Bedelliidae
- Long-horned leaf leaf miner ( Lyonetiidae )