Zurkhaneh

The term Zurkhaneh or for - Chana (Persian زور خانه, " power house " ) is a fitness or weight room referred to, which is widespread in Azerbaijan, Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Afghanistan and other eastern countries, where the traditional Iranian power sports Varzesh -e Bastani be practiced.

History

The roots of Zurkhaneh and Varzeseh -e Bastani can be traced back to the pre-Islamic period of Iran. The Zurkhaneh was originally a place of physical and mental exercise. After the Arab conquest of Iran, the traditional Iranian sports for a period of time were not allowed to be practiced: the Arabs here meant a kind of cultural resistance. Over time, the Iranian traditions of Islamic culture fit, so the Zurkhaneh and Varzesh -e Bastani. The athletes will prove the strength of faith and absolute loyalty to the Prophet and the Imams.

The Zurkhanehs had their heyday during the Safavid dynasty, when the Shiite Islam became the official state religion. After Gehrke but this ritual of physical education culminated in the 14th century. The ideal of the chivalrous hero Rostam from Abul- Qasem -e Ferdousīs national epic Shahnameh, who defends protection and defenseless, is considered moral basis of physical education. In connection with the renewal of the Iranian state by Reza Shah in the early 20th century, interest in the traditional Zurkhaneh rose.

Building a Zurkhaneh

A Zurkhaneh is a space in the center of which a one meter deep octagonal pit ( gowd; persian گود ) is with a wooden floor. The Sardam (Persian سردم ), the place of the so-called Morscheds which accompanies athletes with rhythmic vocals, drum and bell, often arranged three stages obliquely above the pit. In recent Zurkhanehs are available around the pit seating for spectators and media representatives. Access to a Zurkhaneh is generally through a low -scale entrance door. Through the stoop when entering the sports venue proves everyone the Zurkhaneh and its traditions his respect.

Rituals and exercises

The rituals and traditions of Varzesh -e Bastani meet the Sufi orders, which in the terminology used such as Morsched ( "Master " ), Pishkesvat ( "leader" ), Taj ( " Crown") and Faghr reflect ( "poverty" ). The ethical foundations are also similar to Sufi ideals, the purity of the heart is the focus.

The athletes wore originally only a pair of pants, which was symbolized equality. Since the Islamic Revolution of 1979 they must cover their upper body. Each lab begins with either a pious praise of the Prophet and his family, or in less religion -oriented Zurkhanehs are stories from Iranian mythology, especially the Persian national epic, Shahnameh, performed. Following this, the training exercises consist mainly of gymnastic and free exercises are carried out. The athletic training sessions begin with turns around its own axis ( " Charkh zadan " in Persian چرخ زدن ), which corresponds to the whirling dance of the Sufis, and go into force and skill exercises. Swinging and juggling of wooden clubs ( " Mil" in Persian میل ) that are up to 40 kg, just lifting heavy metal shields ( " Sang " in Persian سنگ ) of up to 120 kg from the supine position, as is the Mortising and swinging heavy arched iron weights ( " Kaman " in Persian کمان ) include to the exercises. The units traditionally end with the so-called Pahlavaniringen ( " Koshti Pahlavani " in Persian کشتی پهلوانی ).

The Iranian Zurkhaneh rituals were appointed by the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2010.

Graduation

The graduation begins with the so-called Nocheh and ends with the highest rank of the so-called Jahan Pahlavan ( " World Hero" in Persian جهان پهلوان ):

Known Pahlavane

651-1450 AD

  • Abu Muslim
  • Yaghoub -e Layth
  • Bābak Khorramdin
  • Asad Kermani
  • Abdol Razagh Bashtini
  • Shirdel Kohnehsavar
  • Mahmoud Kharazmi ( POURIYA -ye Vali )
  • Mohammad Seyed Abol - Abolkheyr
  • Mahmoud Malani
  • Darvish Mohammad Khorassani

1450-1795 AD

  • Mirza Beyk -e Kashani
  • Beyk -e Khorassani
  • Hossein - e Kord
  • Mir Baqer
  • Jalal Yazdi
  • Kabir -e Esfahani
  • Kalb Ali Aqa Jar

Modern Times

  • Haj Seyyed Hasan Razaz ( Pahlavan Shoja'at )
  • Asghar Ali Yazdi
  • Haj Reza Qoli Tehrani
  • Mohammad Yazdi Mazar
  • Shaban Siyah Qomi
  • Yazdi Bozrog
  • Akbar Khorassani
  • Abolghasem Qomi
  • Hossein Golzar -e Kermanshahi
  • Sadegh -e Qomi
  • Mirza Hashem Akbarian Tefaghi
  • Yazdi Kouchak
  • Aziz Khan Rahmani Kurdestani

Medalist

The following Pahlavane have won at Wrestling World Championships and Olympic Games Medals:

Find out more

As part of the TREX Games Busan 2008, which were held in Busan from September 26 to October 2, 2008, the first World Cup ( Varezesh -e Bastani ) was held in Zurkhaneh. This competition came to 310 athletes from 30 nations, the three best athletes were awarded gold, silver or bronze.

Pahlevani and zoorkhaneh rituals Iranian Revolution FILA Wrestling World Championships Summer Olympic Games Emam-Ali Habibi Abu Muslim Khorasani
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