al-Farabi
Abu Nasr Muhammad al -Farabi (Arabic ابو نصر محمد الفارابي, DMG Abū Nasr Muhammad al -Farabi ), Latinized Alpharabius, including Alfarabi, El Farati, Avenassar (* 870, † 950 between Asqalan and Damascus ), was a Muslim philosopher and scholar from Central Asia.
- 5.1 Primary texts
- 5.2 secondary literature
Life
Especially about al- Farabi's children and youth provide both written - documentary and written - narrative sources no clear, verifiable facts. His birthplace was Wasidsch in the district Farab on the northern border of Transoxiana or the Faryab region in present-day Afghanistan. About his ethnic origin can be found in the - in time much later and larger part not directly reliable - biographical sources different details, including an Iranian or Turkish descent, the research literature greater extent the latter is more likely, or holds a final judgment for unjustifiable. Al -Farabi indicates that one of his philosophical teachers of the Nestorian Christians and followers of the Alexandrian school Yuhanna ibn Haylan ( d. 920) was. Since this moved 908 to Baghdad, it is believed that from this point Farabi was staying there at the latest. Furthermore, al -Farabi had Abū Bishr Matta ibn links to Yūnus, a translator and commentator of the Baghdad school of Christian Aristotelians. From 942 then Farabi lived in the retinue of the later Hamdanidenfürsten Sayf al - Dawla mostly in Aleppo. In the year 950 he was allegedly beaten to death, according to the legend severally colored representation al - Bayhaqīs (ca. 1097-1169 ) as a companion of Sayf al - Dawla on the road between Damascus and Asqalan of highwaymen.
Work
He dealt with logic, ethics, politics, mathematics, philosophy and music. He was of the view that philosophy ended everywhere and have found now in the Islamic world their new home. Philosophical truths he regarded as universally valid and regarded the philosophers, prophets, which had come to their knowledge by means of divine inspiration ( wahy Arabic ).
He knew among others, the philosophical texts of Greek authors Aristotle (as well as all important comments) and Plato that existed up to that point in Persian or Arabic, and also drove the translation of further texts ahead.
His Kitaab al - Musiqa al Kabir is considered complete font of Islamic music theory and music system. In his writings on music, he combined his detailed knowledge as a performing musician and his factual accuracy as a scientist with the logic of philosophy. His described musical instruments include the zither -like string instrument SAH- Rūd and the long-necked lute ṭunbūr al - Baghdādī.
Reception
In science, history of Islam al -Farabi is seen as a " second teacher" after Aristotle. It was also thanks to him that the Greek philosophy found its way into the east country. In addition to al -Kindi, al- Razi, Avicenna and al -Ghazali 's al -Farabi one of the most important representatives of Islamic philosophy. He is one of the outstanding and comprehensive thinkers of the 10th century and is considered the greatest theoreticians of Islamic music history. His works have been used throughout the centuries and intense discussion. Special effect, also in Hebrew and Latin translations of the 11th and 12th century, developed his theory of science fundamental work Kitāb al - ʿ ʾ IHSA ulūm. Moses ibn Tibbon of the Ibn Tibbon family of translators translated his works into Hebrew.
The history of research Clifford Edmund Bosworth remarks: " great personalities such as al- Farabi, al -Biruni and Ibn Sina were assigned their own people from overly enthusiastic Turkish researchers ." An example would be the opening article of the Ottoman patriotic journal Hürriyet of 1868, after which the Turks were a people in their schools Farabi, Ibn Sina, Ghazzali, Zamachsharis cultivated knowledge.