Alpgau

The Albgau (also Alpgau ) was a Teilgaugrafschaft in the duchy of Swabia. The 781-1112 documented in the sources Pagus A. ( Alpagauia ) corresponded to the open country between Wutach, Black Forest, Upper Rhine and Baar, and was probably named after the river flowing there Alb. In older documents it is referred to as Alpagauia, Alpegauia, Alpagowe, Alpegowe, Alpe tissue, Alpegoue, Alpengovve, Alpigouve or Alpigauge.

Geography

Around the year 1000 the boundaries of the Albgaus went something like this: The southern border followed the natural boundary of the Rhine from Hauenstein to Neuhausen Rhine Falls. From the Neuhausen Mühletal the following Durach to about Bargen, from there west to probably Grimmelshofen. From there, the course of the following Wutach direction Lenzkirch, then south direction Schluchseewerk, from there towards Feldberg, from there south to Bernau, past Ibach and Görwihl after Hauenstein. The points given are for guidance only, since the boundaries ran cross country and hardly in line with our present road. Only in the south of the Rhine Hauenstein following to Neuhausen, the boundary line should agree about. At the Albgau closed in the west of the Breisgau, south of the Frickgau, now the Frick Valley and Aargau and Thurgau, eastern and northern Hegau Berchtold Baar at.

History of Albgaus

The area of ​​Albgaus which initially belonged to Unterklettgau, but was however split off before 781 as a separate Albgau ( Alpegauia ), was probably the westernmost district of the Alemanni tribe of Lenzer ( Lentienser ). To their tribal territory included not only the Linzgau allegedly also the Unterklettgau (including Albgau ) and Hegau. The Rhine frontier of the territory lenzischen withdrew from the effluent of the Rhine down to Hauenstein at Eschenz. At the time of the Roman historian Ammianus Marcellinus, was Priari King of Lentienser.

The Albgau is 781 for the first time in a document of the village wheat called " In Alpagauia in villa Wizia. Actum in villa Wizia. " About the deed of gift ( Lorsch Urk No. 3627 ) of a Walthari in Lutinga in pago Alpengowe, which is his property ( Luttingen ) bequeathed to the monastery Lorsch, there is the exhibition year different views. First, it is dated to the year 792 to the other in the year 777

Seat or " Mallus publicus " of the Gaus was in Gurtweil. There, on the left bank of the Schlücht, there was the old court or Malstätte of Albgaues. Some sources mention as Gaugrafen Karl thicknesses, at a time when he was not yet King, in the year 874 However, this is not scientifically proven. Moreover, in the years 873 and 875 Count Adalbert is called the Illustrious as Gaugraf that the Rheinau monastery which he received in the year 873 his possessions in Gurtweil in return the site " Gavi in tartonensisoben Gau " on lifetime. However, it is possible that Karl has the thickness of a " comites pagorum " thus used a under his Count in Albgau. Documented occurs in the year 885 as a Reccho Gaugraf in Albgau on which occurs in a public hearing in Gurtweil in a barter with the monastery of St. Gall. Five years later, on 21 March 890, is attested as Gaugraf Chadaloh in Gurtweil.

The Albgau was closely connected with other districts in the neighborhood. For example, the Albgaugrafen Ulrich were ( 780-804 ) Count in Thurgau, Adalbert II Count in the Thurgau and in Hegau, Chadaloh II 891 Count in the Aargau, and Liutho 929 in Zürichgau. The first known Landgraf, who followed the Gaugrafen in Albgau was Rudolf von Lenzburg middle of the 11th century. According Fickler went on during the fights against Henry IV in 1047, the Albgau, who was until now under the rule of the Counts of Lenzburg, to the Counts of Stühlingen - Küssachberg. Since the counts of Lenzburg also occur even after 1047 records in ( Lower ) Albgau in appearance, this must have been the reason and the time for the division of the Albgaus. Because after a High Albgau ( Landgraviate Stühlingen ) and a Lower Albgau (county Hauenstein ) appears. Cramer interpreted this to mean that there ever is a Huntare of Großgaues Unterklettgau for both these parts. But also the talks remained until the 19th century received self-government of the county of Hauenstein.

The had the German anti-king Rudolf of Rheinfelden Duke family by his mother, a daughter of the Earl of Oehningen, possessions in Albgau, which came in 1079 through the marriage of Agnes von Rheinfelden, daughter of Rudolph, Berthold II of Zahringen. Whether the 1112 called Albgaugraf Berthold is consistent with him not clearly understood. About the counts of Oehningen came by marriage also the home of the Counts of Diessen possessions in Albgau.

List of documentary mentions

Count in Albgau

• Ulrich / Udalrich ( Adalrich, Odalrich ), founder of the Udalrichinger, 780-804 - This count was also Count of the Breisgau, the Hegau, the Linzgau, of Thurgau, as well as the lower Alsace He is also known as the Count in Argengau. He was by marrying his sister Hildegard brother Charles the Great. His brother Gerold the Younger had a very close relationship with the king. In a deed of 804 Alsatian four sons Graf Ulrich be named, Bebo, Gerold, and Robert Ulrich, of which Ulrich and Robert also listed in a St. Gallen certificate.
• Presumably Ulrich / Odalrich (son of the first named ) He is mentioned both as Count in the Breisgau and in Linzgau and Argengau. At the certificates entitle him as Count in Albgau it is missing.
• Erchanger ( Erchanmar ), 816, 821 ( also Count in Breisgau - 817, 819, 820, 828 and Count in Ortenau - 826 and 819 in Alsace )
• Conrad I, 839 Count in Albgau, 844 Count in Linzgau, 849 Count of Paris ( Guelph )
• Gozbert 844-853
• Welf II, 842/850 Graf Linzgau, 852-858 Count in Albgau, probably son of Conrad I
• Alba Rich, 855
• Adalbert the Illustrious of the family of Burchadinger to 854 up to 894 Graf Albgau and Thurgau, mention 860.863 873, 875 In the year 894 of the St. Gallen monk recorded a count Hadalbertus iunior while ago and afterwards simply by Count Adalbert is the speech.
• Charles the Fat, 874
• Engilger, 876
• Reccho, 885
• Adelbert ( adalberti in villa Kachanang ), 889, was Count in Thurgau, Albgau and in the Bertholdsbar
• Chadaloh II, 891-894 also testified as Count in Augstgau, 891 as Count in Aargau 890 Count in Albgau
• Liutho, 940 Count in Albgau, of the tribe of Nellenburger 929 Count in Zürichgau. Pursuant Wartman is a certificate Neugarts of 917 to the year 929 ascribes Leutoh also 929 Count in Albgau. A similar situation also Frederick the mentioned next to the year 929, that Liutho " is held by some as nephew of the Emperor Henry I. ".
• Chuno of Rheinfelden? Merz considers it possible that Chuno, the father of the anti-king Rudolf of Rheinfelden, Graf was Albgau where this family had proven to own property.
• Radebot, 1023 ( Altenburg ), son of Count Unterklettgau Lanzelin the Proven thus occurs possibly Albgau as Count in Unterklettgau. ∞ Ita, sister of the alleged Albgaugrafen Chuno of Rheinfelden.
• Gerhard ( Gero or the Gebhard ), 1071, Earl of Pfullendorf, Count of Unterklettgau ( 1067), son of Count Ulrich VIII of Bregenz, identical to the Zähringen Bishop Gerhard von Konstanz Wanner may, however, opposes the move. So Karl cell, the Gerhard assigns the count of Stühlingen.
• Otto, 1106 by Diessen?
• Berthold von Gmünd, 1112 Diessen? - Tumbült is rather assume that this is not the husband of Agnes von Rheinfelden, Berthold II of Zahringen, but whose brother Berthold of Rheinfelden. However, Berthold II of Zahringen in April 1111 and Berthold of Rheinfelden already died in 1090, it is probably this is the son Berthold II and Agnes of Rheinfelden, Berthold III. In a deed dated September 4, 1111 in which the Emperor Henry V. the Monastery of All Saints in Schaffhausen confirmed its possession, he confirmed that, among other things of " Bertholfi de Gimundi " homemade gift. It is named as his wife a " Junzile Amilgerisfelt ".
• Rudolf von Lenzburg, 1150 Landgrave of Stühlingen
• ( Eberhard von Lupfen, 1296 ) - Entitled " Landgraf from Albegau "