Amenemhat III

Amenemhet III. , Also Amenemhat III. , Was an ancient Egyptian King (Pharaoh) of the 12th Dynasty ( Middle Kingdom ), who reigned about 1842-1795 BC. After 44 years he appointed at the beginning of the 45th year of the reign on 1 Achet I in 1798 BC his son Amenemhet IV co-regent. The Royal Canon of Turin are 4 [X ] Specify years, so a maximum duration of 45 years government can be recognized. In his 43rd year of reign falls the last of his 18 Nilstandsmarken from the region Semna / Kumma that bears his name. The highest occupied in the Lahunpapyri year is 46 year, 3 month of Akhet season.

Family

Wives are Aat, probably died around the age of 35 years and a Chnumneferhedjet that was not older than 25 years. Another wife and mother of the heir to the throne was Hetepti. His daughters are: Neferuptah and perhaps a Hathorhetep and Nofrusobek.

Rule

As recent research suggest Amenemhet III seems. with his father, Senusret III. reigned some twenty years together to have. While the father by his campaigns strengthened foreign policy the country's borders, the son domestically Egypt helped to flower especially. Under his rule, the regulation of water supply into the " Lake Moeris ", that is, in the Fayum oasis, complete, whereby the new agricultural areas were supplied. This also made him a legendary king Moeris.

Like many of his ancestors also appointed Amenemhat III. three years before his death his son Amenemhet IV co-regent.

The court

The court this Pharaoh is not very well documented. Only a vizier named Chety can be dated with certainty to the reign of the ruler, because it appears on a papyrus from El- Lahun. The viziers Khnumhotep and Ameny were perhaps under this ruler. As sure Iychernofret occupies only applies, however, in his capacity as Treasurer at the beginning of the reign of Amenemhat III ..

Construction

Amenemhet III. who built two pyramids. His first pyramid at Dahshur is also called " The Black ", whose limestone cladding was lost early on. She measured about 105 feet square and was perhaps 75 meters high. The grave chamber is located at the end of a long and peculiarly branched duct system with a small Anubis Shrine and the sarcophagus of red granite. See Amenemhat - III.- pyramid.

The "Black Pyramid" of Amenemhet III. soon showed cracks in ceilings and floors. In Dahshur support ceilings and beams were recruited from cedar wood and plastered the wall cracks in six unfinished rooms and corridors. The existing chambers of two queens were lined with stone for reinforcement. This grave chambers were found robbed and the remains of grave goods attest to the remarkable richness of these burials.

In the rubble of the pyramid, found the Pyramidion, the highest pyramid-shaped stone granite (1.40 m × 1.85 m).

Because of construction defects at his pyramid of Pharaoh in Hawara built a second pyramid. The Pyramid of Hawara also consisted of the usual mud brick, but built on a 12 m high rock core, and was clad with limestone. Their base was - as in Dahshur - about 105 × 105 m and its height probably about 58 m. The entrance on the south side led by a gear system for grave chamber of Amenemhet III. and his daughter Neferu- Ptah.

The new pyramid of Hawara, the so-called labyrinth was in front, the Greek geographer Strabo, the ( 63-20 BC) described in detail and has praised as a world wonder. This was around the Mortuary Temple of Amenemhat III. , The old report cause more than 1500 rooms should have had.

Although, as already mentioned, the Pyramid of Hawara as a grave site of Amenemhet III. and his daughter Neferu- Ptah was designed so Neferu- Ptah has not been buried there. Their tomb was found two kilometers southwest intact in a ruined Lehmziegelpyramide in 1956. The ingress of groundwater had all the wood and the mummy destroyed, but the granite sarcophagus and the grave goods were recovered and are partially restored.

In Biahmu in the Fayyum basin of the rulers built two colossal statues.