Antirrhinum

Antirrhinum coulterianum

The snapdragons or snapdragon (Antirrhinum ) are a genus of plants, which today is classified on the basis of molecular data in the family of the plantain family ( Plantaginaceae ). Traditionally, it was placed in the family of the figwort family ( Scrophulariaceae ). The genus has a disjoint area of ​​distribution and is present with 21 species in the western Mediterranean and with 15 species in western North America. Several types of snapdragons are popular as ornamental plants and the Great snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus ) is an important model plant for the study of flower development.

  • 3.1 Notes and references

Description and ecology

Vegetative characteristics

Snapdragon species are perennial or annual herbaceous plants. The growth varies widely and includes largely unbranched, highly branched and twining species. For most American species short climbing stem axis are formed. All types have a well-developed root system as an adaptation to dry habitats. From the opposite constantly arranged, while the higher on the inflorescence seated mostly sitting and alternate arranged leaves, the lower petiolate. The simple leaf blade is pinnately.

Generative features

The flowers are borne singly or in terminal, racemose inflorescences. The hermaphrodite, zygomorphic flowers except in Antirrhinum ovatum, designed as a flashy mask flowers that are closed by the lower lip palate like bulged. Nectar is discharged from an annular Nectary at the base of the ovary and is collected in a bag-like bulge on the underside of the lower lip. The three tips of the lower lip are unequal in size and can be as well as the two tips of the upper lip is angled or bent differently. For pollination, a correspondingly powerful flying insect must press the lower lip down to get to the nectar and pollen.

Of the scalene, poriziden capsule fruits, the lower, larger chamber opens with two apical pores, while the upper usually has only one pore.

System

The genus Antirrhinum is divided into three sections with a total of about 40 species:

  • The Section Antirrhinum contains about 20 perennial species in the western Mediterranean with relatively large flowers and a chromosome number of n = 8 Most species are endemic to a limited area of ​​distribution in the Iberian Peninsula: Antirrhinum australe Rothm.
  • Antirrhinum barrelieri Boreau
  • Antirrhinum boissieri Rothm.
  • Antirrhinum braun- blanquetii Rothm.
  • Antirrhinum charidemi Long
  • Antirrhinum graniticum Rothm.
  • Antirrhinum Grosii font cross-
  • Antirrhinum hispanicum Chav.
  • Antirrhinum latifolium Mill
  • Antirrhinum lopesianum Rothm.
  • Large snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.)
  • Antirrhinum meonanthum Hoffmann. & Link
  • Antirrhinum microphyllum Rothm.
  • Antirrhinum molle L.
  • Antirrhinum pertegasii Rothm.
  • Antirrhinum pulverulentum Lázaro Ibiza
  • Antirrhinum rupestre Boiss. & Reut.
  • Antirrhinum sempervirens Lapeyr.
  • Antirrhinum siculum Mill
  • Antirrhinum Valentinum font cross-
  • The section includes two Orontium occurring in the Mediterranean, and small-flowered annual species with a chromosome number of n = 8: Antirrhinum calycinum Lam.
  • Arable snapdragon (Antirrhinum orontium L.)
  • The section Saerorhinum includes about 15 small-flowered, annual species with tetraploid chromosome set with n = (13 - ) 15-16, which occur in western North America: Antirrhinum cornutum Benth.
  • Antirrhinum costatum Wiggins
  • Antirrhinum coulterianum Benth.
  • Antirrhinum cyathiferum Benth.
  • Antirrhinum filipes A.Gray
  • Antirrhinum kelloggii Greene
  • Antirrhinum kingii S.Watson
  • Antirrhinum leptaleum A.Gray
  • Antirrhinum multiflorum Pennell
  • Antirrhinum nuttallianum Benth.
  • Antirrhinum ovatum Eastw.
  • Antirrhinum subcordatum A.Gray
  • Antirrhinum vexillo - calyculatum Kellogg
  • Antirrhinum virga A.Gray
  • Antirrhinum watsonii Vasey & Rose

Swell

  • David M. Thompson: Systematics of Antirrhinum ( Scrophulariaceae ) in the New World. In: Systematic Botany Monographs. 22, 1988, pp. 1-142.
  • Ryan K. Oyama, David A. Tree: Phylogenetic relationships of North American Antirrhinum ( Veronicaceae ). In: American Journal of Botany. 91, 2004, pp. 918-925 ( http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/full/91/6/918 ).
Asterids Perennial plant Ovary (botany) Johan Lange Philip Miller Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link Pierre Edmond Boissier Jean-Baptiste Lamarck George Bentham Asa Gray Edward Lee Greene Sereno Watson Alice Eastwood Albert Kellogg Flora Europaea
69988
de