Burgenland Croatian
Spoken in
- Indo-European Slavic South Slavonic Burgenland Croatian
-
Sla
Hr- AT
The Burgenland-Croatian language, once Wassercroate language ( gradišćansko - hrvatski jezik, gradišćanski jezik, Hungarian: Castle landi Horvát nyelv, őrvidéki Horvát nyelv, fehérhorvát nyelv, gradistyei nyelv ) is an entity belonging to the South Slavic languages language in Burgenland, Austria ( kroat. Gradišće ) is recognized as a minority language of the Burgenland Croats. In Burgenland, it is according to official figures of 19 412 persons speaking (as of 2001). In addition, there are larger groups of speakers such as Vienna and Graz.
The smaller Croat minorities in western Hungary, southwest Slovakia and southern Czech Republic are often also referred to as the Burgenland Croats. Use either the Burgenland - Croatian or the standard written language and are historically and culturally closely connected with the Croats in Austria. The total number of speakers in all four countries as well as in the migration is estimated by representatives of the Burgenland Croats to around 55,000 people.
History
The Burgenland Croatian Croatian refugees came through that (especially from the Military Frontier ) fled during the Turkish wars from Croatia and were settled in the west of what was then Hungary, in its current area of distribution. Among the Burgenland Croats there are speakers of all three Croatian dialects ( Čakavisch, Štokavisch, Kajkavisch ). The Speaker of the Čakavischen that were originally derived from the Dalmatian coast of Croatia or from the Dalmatian hinterland, but the majority form.
In the 18th century Lőrincz Bogovich, Jeremiás Sosterich, Godfried Palkovich and Simon Knéfacz Franciscan monks create the Burgenland-Croatian literary language.
At the emergence of a unified Croatian standard language based on the Štokavischen in the 19th century, the Burgenland Croats were not involved. The writer József Ficzko rejected the Serbo-Croatian language. Here was formed rather publishes its own written language standard, which is primarily based on local čakavischen dialects. Only the modern Croatian alphabet was adopted by the Burgenland Croats.
Written language
The Burgenland-Croatian literary language based mainly on the local čakavischen dialects, but also includes influences of other languages spoken in Burgenland Croatian dialects. It uses the Latin alphabet with the same special characters such as the Croatian. In the course of the development of written language some have their own specialized terminology has developed, which is different from the usual in Croatia.
In northern Burgenland as well as in Central Burgenland, just as in the neighboring Croatian populated regions of Hungary Čakavisch is mainly spoken. Only in the located in the Hungarian shore of Lake Neusiedl places Hidegség and Fertőhomok is spreading the KAJKAVIAN ( kajkavski ). In the south of Burgenland, the Burgenland Croats speak mainly Štokavisch.
Through the centuries- long isolation from the mother country "modern " achievements were often borrowed not Slavic, but Hungarian and German words in the dialect and integrated by Croatian emphasis for countless. Examples of these are combine or Kiritof for Kirtag, in Burgenland- German dialect Kiritåg.