Constance Markievicz

Constance Georgine Markiewicz, Countess Markiewicz, nee Gore- Booth ( born February 4, 1868 in London, † July 15, 1927 in Dublin ) was an Irish nationalist.

Biography

Origin, family and first activities

Constance Gore- Booth was born on February 4, 1868 as the eldest daughter of Sir Henry Gore- Booth, a Protestant Anglo - Irish, in Buckingham Gate in London. She grew up on the family home Lissadell House in County Sligo. Together with her sister Eva Gore- Booth (1870-1926) she was a friend of William B. Yeats, from which it was influenced both politically and artistically. In particular, her sister Eva was later poetic works. 1893 Constance Gore- Booth went to London to study at the Slade School of Art painting. A little later she continued her studies at the Académie Julian in Paris. There she also met her future husband, the Polish painter and Count Kazimierz Dunin- Markiewicz know. On September 1, 1900, she married. Afterwards they settled down together in Dublin. In 1903 she worked at the Abbey Theatre as an actress, where she, a their later Weggefährtinnen, especially in the fight for the independence of Ireland met Maud Gonne.

Soon Constance Markiewicz joined, founded by Maud Gonne in 1900, association Inghinidhe na hÉireann in ( "Daughters of Ireland "). This was a feminist organization with the goal of political participation for women and their struggle for the independence of Ireland. As a representative of Inghinidhe na hÉireann Markiewicz came 1908, the Sinn Féin party with. The Sinn Féin ( Irish: "We Ourselves " ) was founded on 28 November 1905 by Arthur Griffith. The party was opposed to political cooperation with the British administration as well as for an unarmed resistance.

1907 were in the UK, the Boy Scouts founded an organization that has been established according to the British system in Ireland. The indirect British influence was for the Irish patriots of course not portable. C. Markiewicz founded in 1909 its own youth group, initially under the name Red Branch Knights. After meeting with Hobson, a leading member of the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB ), the group took the name Fianna na hÉireann. There, the future freedom fighters of the Irish Citizen Army (ICA ) were trained. 1911 Markiewicz was arrested because she protested together with Helena Moloney at an IRB meeting against the arrival of King George V in Ireland. In 1913 she took part in a nutrition program for poor children in Dublin and in the organization of a canteen in the Liberty Hall. In the same year she was treasurer of the Irish Citizen Army.

MPs and Labour Minister

As a member of the ICA they took part in the Easter Rising of 1916, after which she was arrested by the British government and sentenced to death. She was first imprisoned in Aylesbury, then arrested in Kilmainham Gaol in Dublin. Since the death penalty for women was not applied, the sentence was commuted to life imprisonment. After a general amnesty in 1917 Constance Markiewicz was released. Their return to Ireland as one of the few fighters in the insurgency became a triumphal procession. The Irish celebrated as a hero. During this time, she converted to Catholicism. A little later she joined for the improvement of prison conditions for political prisoners. In 1918 she was imprisoned for six months in Holloway Prison in London, this time because they fought against the accession of the Irish in the British Army. While she was in prison, she was elected as the only woman in December 1918 as one of the 73 members of Sinn Féin in the British House of Commons. After her release in 1919 she joined the newly formed Irish Parliament at ( Dáil Éireann ), which had been founded in the meantime by the assembled deputies of the lower house in Dublin Sinn Féin. On April 2, 1919, Markiewicz Labour Minister in the government of Eamon de Valera.

On December 6, 1921, peace treaty between Ireland and Great Britain entered into force, in which the division of the island was approved. Markiewicz did not agree with it, and left the government in January 1922 together with Eamon de Valera and others. She went for a short time in the United States to stand up for the complete independence and for raise money. During the Civil War from May 1922 to June 1923 she took up arms again. After her re-election to Parliament in 1923, she joined the Fianna Fáil party in occasion of its foundation in 1926.

In June 1927 she was re-elected to the Parliament. She was the first and for a long time also the only minister in the Irish government ( until 1979, with Máire Geoghegan-Quinn again a Minister ).

Markiewicz probably died from the effects of tuberculosis on 15 July 1927 at the Patrick Dunn 's Hospital in Dublin and was buried two days later at the Dublin Glasnevin Cemetery.

Works

  • A Battle Hymn. (1954)
  • A Call to the Women of Ireland. (1918 )
  • Fianna Handbook. (1914 )
  • James Connolly's Policy and Catholic Doctrine. (1923 /24)
  • Prison Letters. (1934 issued )
  • What Irish Republicans stand for.
  • Memories
  • Tom Clark and the First day of the Republic
  • Lark, the Fianna, and the King 's Visit
  • The King 's Visit
  • Going to Jail
  • Mr Griffith
  • Mr. Griffith and Mr. Healy
  • A Note on Eamon De Valera
Nationalism W. B. Yeats Éamon de Valera Joseph McGrath (politician) Patrick Hogan (Ceann Comhairle) Patrick Hillery Joseph Brennan (Irish politician) Tom Nolan Liam Kavanagh Ruairi Quinn Gemma Hussey Bertie Ahern Brian Cowen Mervyn Taylor Integrated Authority File
201032
de