Doradidae
Black catfish ( Oxydoras niger)
The catfishes ( Doradidae ) are freshwater fish from the rivers and lakes of the northern and central South America ( to Buenos Aires). Distribution area is the Amazon basin. The family includes about 30 genera with about 90 known species. Most species are large only a few centimeters to 30 centimeters. However Oxydoras niger can be a meter long.
Features
Catfishes have a squat figure, often kaulquappenfömig with a wide body and a narrow caudal peduncle. The head is broad and flattened, heavily ossified skull. The boundaries of the bone plates can also be seen in the living animal through the skin. A bone plate of the skull extends on the dorsal side up to the first, serrated sting of the dorsal fin. The pectoral fins have a strong fin spines, which is often serrated or grooved. Along the edges there is a series of overlapping like roof tiles, mostly thorny bone plates. In Doraops zuloagai the bone plate series is available only on the front body. The dorsal fin is located far forward, an adipose fin is usually present but usually small, rarely elongated. Even between bone plates may be present. Catfishes have a long Bartel pair in the upper jaw and two much shorter on the lower jaw.
Way of life
Catfishes are mostly crepuscular or nocturnal. The day is spent in the ground or hidden among plants, roots and leaves. They can anchor themselves with their strong pectoral fins. Most species are territorial, some also live in groups. Little is known about the reproduction of catfishes. Some species will build nests and possibly operate brood care.
Sound production
In English the Doradidae are also called "talking catfishes " because they are like the African Mochokidae able to produce audible sounds. Rub with harassment dorsal spinous process of the pectoral fins beam in a joint gutter. The sounds arise in both the advancing and the retraction of the pectoral fin. The spreading of the pectoral fin is slower and the volume is correspondingly longer than when tightening. The pauses between the sounds are of equal length. The greatest power of the sounds is at frequencies 2-4 kHz. The Mochokidae differ from the Doradidae only by the rapid movement of the pectoral fins, ie the sounds and the pauses between the sounds are shorter than in the Doradidae.
System
Together with the wrong catfishes ( Auchenipteridae ) form the catfishes within the catfish -like ( Siluriformes ) the superfamily Dorado Idea. Sister group of the Dorado Idea are the Frying Pan and banjo catfish ( Aspredinidae ).
Genera and species
- Family Doradidae ( Driftwood catfishes ) Genus Acanthodoras Bleeker, 1862 Acanthodoras cataphractus
- Acanthodoras depressus
- Acanthodoras spinosissimus
- Agamyxis albomaculatus
- Comb catfish ( Agamyxis pectinifrons )
- Amblydoras affinis
- Amblydoras bolivarensis
- Amblydoras gonzalezis
- Growling catfish ( Amblydoras hancocki )
- Amblydoras monitor
- Amblydoras nauticus
- Anadoras grypus
- Anadoras insculptus
- Anadoras regani
- Anadoras weddellii
- Anduzedoras oxyrhyncus
- Astro Dora asterifrons
- Centrochir crocodili
- Centro Dora brachiatus
- Centro Dora hasemani
- Doraops zuloagai
- Doras carinatus
- Dora eigenmanni
- Doras fimbriatus
- Dora micropoeus
- Doras punctatus
- Francisco Doras marmoratus
- Hassar affinis
- Hassar gabiru
- Hassar orestis
- Hassar shewellkeimi Sabaj Pérez & Birindelli, 2013
- Hassar wilderi
- Hemidoras morrisi
- Hemidoras stenopeltis
- Hypo Dora forficulatus Eigenmann, 1925
- Kalyptodoras bahiensis
- Leptodoras acipenserinus
- Leptodoras COPEI
- Leptodoras hasemani
- Leptodoras juruensis
- Leptodoras linnelli
- Leptodoras myersi
- Leptodoras praelongus
- Lithodoras dorsalis
- Megalodoras guayoensis
- Megalodoras laevigatulus
- Megalodoras uranoscopus
- Merodoras nheco Higuchi et al. 2,007
- Nemadoras trimaculatus
- Nemadoras elongatus
- Nemadoras hemipeltis
- Nemadoras humeralis
- Nemadoras leporhinus
- Opsodoras boulengeri
- Opsodoras Morei
- Opsodoras stuebelii
- Opsodoras ternetzi
- Orinocodoras eigenmanni
- Ossancora asterophysa Birindelli Sabaj & Pérez, 2011
- Oxydoras kneri
- Black catfish ( Oxydoras niger)
- Oxydoras sifontesi
- Physopyxis lyra Cope, 1872
- Physopyxis pineapple Sousa & Rapp Py -Daniel, 2005
- Physopyxis cristata Sousa & Rapp Py -Daniel, 2005
- Line catfish ( Platydoras armatulus )
- Platydoras brachylecis
- Platydoras costatus
- Platydoras hancockii
- Pterodoras granulosus ( Valenciennes, 1821)
- Pterodoras Rivasi ( Fernández- Yépez, 1950)
- Rhino Dora armbrusteri Sabaj, Taphorn & Castillo G., 2008
- Rhino Dora boehlkei Glodek, Whitmire & Orce, 1976
- Rhino Dora dorbignyi ( Kner, 1855)
- Rhino Dora gallagheri Sabaj, Taphorn & Castillo G., 2008
- Rhino Dora thomersoni Taphorn & Lilyestrom, 1984
- Rhynchodoras Woodside
- Rhynchodoras Xingui
- Scorpio Dora heckelii
- Trachydoras brevis
- Trachydoras microstomus
- Trachydoras nattereri
- Trachydoras paraguayensis
- Trachydoras steindachneri
- Wertheimeria maculata