Eastern Christianity

Christian Orient (Latin Oriens Christianus ) is a since the early modern period commonly, first theological technical term and describes the whole of Eastern Christianity, so all Eastern Churches, regardless of Christological confession ( Chalcedonenser, Monophysites or so-called Nestorians ), current confessional and nationality or geographical distribution, in short: the part of the Christian world who does not originally belong to the Western Church.

Reference of the term as a Western or Eastern church is the late antique Roman Empire. Everything unfolded in its eastern half, or, thanks to various missionary efforts, east of its borders to the modern era of Christian life, Eastern Christianity, Eastern Orthodox Church and Christian Orient. In this sense, the Christian Orient of East and Southeast Europe through the Middle East extends to India and the Far East. More recently, the Eastern Orthodox diaspora comes to the stem or mission areas of the West Church, for example, in Western Europe, America and Australia. On the other hand, the presence of a Christianity which has become historically Latin coinage in the countries of the Christian Orient is considered.

Members of the Churches of the Christian East, especially the Europeans, it's not called " Orientals ", but " Eastern Christians " or according to their denomination (eg " Orthodox ", " Melkites ", " Catholics " ) or their home or home language (eg, " Copts ", " Armenians ", " Ethiopians ", " Christian Arabs " ), rare for a historical or legendary founding figure ( " Thomas Christians ", " Jacobites ", " Maronites ").

  • 5.1 institutions
  • 5.2 Theological Faculties 5.2.1 Evangelical Theology
  • 5.2.2 Catholic Theology
  • 5.2.3 Orthodox Theology
  • 5.2.4 Research Projects
  • 5.4.1 Title of some journals ( selection)
  • 5.4.2 Title of some book series
  • 5.4.3 encyclopedias 5.4.3.1 literature lists on the Internet

Participating Sciences

The Science of the Christian Orient deals with the research on the Christian traditions, culture, religion, languages ​​and churches in the eastern Mediterranean, in the area called the Christian Orient. Christian Orient is also the title of a field of study and of chairs and institutes of several universities in the German-speaking countries (eg, Tübingen, Munich, Bonn, Göttingen, Bamberg and others). Opposite the name of Christianity in the East, the term Christian Orient also includes the development of Christianity and Christian influence in the Arab and Slavic languages ​​and the influence from there to Europe, America and other parts of the world.

As a related scientific disciplines and the Christian archeology, Byzantine Studies, Patristics, Egyptology, Coptic, Ethiopian, Syrologie, kart bike Logie, Armenistik and philological disciplines such as the Aramaistik, Gräzistik, Arabic, Slavic and Semitic Studies and the Social Sciences Sociology and Political Sciences of the deal Middle East, mainly in theology, church history and Eastern Churches with different themes of the Christian East and serve the science of the Christian Orient such as siblings or auxiliary disciplines.

History

Many Oriental Christians were working as scientists, linguists, artists, translators and doctors who have made important contributions to their cultural spaces. Most ancient Greek works of scientists Christian faith - a well-known representative is Hunayn ibn Ishaq - translated into Aramaic and later in the Arabic language. Thus was founded in about 825 House of Wisdom in Baghdad scientists Greek literature from Aristotle, Plato, and others. These works came later on the scientific centers in Moorish Spain to Europe. Today, research is particularly concerned with the Hellenistic influence on the Arab sciences and culture, the history and the culture of Byzantium and the languages ​​and rites of the Eastern Churches.

People of the Christian East

Christians in the Middle East have undergone a percentage higher education compared to their population share. The first universities and schools based on Western models and standards were established by Western theologians and missionaries in the Middle East, such as the College of the Jesuits, beginning in 1810, from the University Saint Joseph, Beirut, founded in 1875, has emerged and the Syrian Presbyterian College, founded in 1835, from the Lebanese American University, Beirut, founded in 1994, has emerged. These universities are also open to members of other religious communities as well as citizens of other states. Many Palestinian academics have studied at universities in Beirut.

In addition, abroad ( for study and work) as well as the language skills of the Christians in the Middle East factors that promoted their contributions to the advancement of the local culture, political development and to bridge between cultures.

These are some of the reasons why oriental Christians are often disproportionately represented in their home countries in culture, science, politics and business.

Saint of the Christian Orient

  • See also Article saint of the Christian East

Cultural workers in the Christian Orient

  • See also items Christian cultural workers in the Orient

Christian domination in the Middle East

  • See items Christian rule in the Orient
  • See also items Christian politicians in the Orient

Emigrants and descendants of Oriental Christians

  • Khalil Gibran - Lebanese writer
  • Carlos Ghosn - CEO of Renault
  • Carlos Slim Helú - Mexican industrialist
  • George Joulwan - U.S. general, former NATO Supreme Allied Commander Europe
  • John Abizaid - U.S. general, commander of U.S. forces in the Middle East ( CENTCOM ) ( West Point nickname " The Mad Arab" )
  • Ralph Nader - American politician
  • Salma Hayek - Mexican actress
  • Charles Aznavour - French singer and actor
  • Edward Said - Palestinian intellectuals
  • Nicolas Hayek (1928 - 2010) - Swiss Watches Industrial

Languages ​​of the Christian Orient

See liturgical language portal Christian Orient

Research about the Christian Orient

Institutions

  • Professorships at universities Christian Orient University of Tübingen Oriental Seminar: Languages ​​and Cultures of the Christian Orient
  • University of Halle- Wittenberg, Department of Christian Orient and Byzantium: Languages ​​and Cultures of the Christian Orient
  • Research Centre: Christian Orient at the University of Bamberg

There are also Byzantine Studies Institutes and Chairs for Slavic, Greek, Romanian and Semitic languages ​​and cultures at several universities.

Theological faculties

In some faculties of theology is in the context of church history, taught patristics / Eastern Orthodox Patristic themes and research about it.

Protestant Theology

  • Eastern Church History, University of Marburg
  • Patristics, Ecumenical Theology, with special consideration of the Eastern Churches and Mission History Academe
  • Chair of Churches and Confessions ( Ostkirchekunde ), Faculty of Theology, Department of Church History, Humboldt University Berlin
  • Professor of History and Theology of the Christian East, Theological Faculty, Friedrich- Alexander -University Erlangen -Nuremberg

Catholic Theology

  • Institute for Theology and History of the Christian East, focusing Patristic and Eastern Church Studies, University of Vienna
  • Ostkirchliches Institute - Regensburg
  • Ancient Church History and Patristic, University of Regensburg
  • Institute for Altkirchengeschichte and Patristic, University of Eichstätt
  • Ostkirchliches Institute of the Bavarian- German Augustinian Province at the University of Würzburg (An Institute)
  • Johann Adam Möhler Institute, University of Paderborn (An Institute)

Orthodox Theology

  • Orthodox Theology (master's degree ) training facility of Orthodox Theology of the University of Munich
  • Orthodox Theology, University of Münster
  • Orthodox Christianity, Religious Studies Faculty of Arts, University of Erfurt
  • Confessions of Orthodox Church - University of Halle -Wittenberg

Research Projects

  • Sub-project within the DFG Research Training Group 1412 " Cultural Orientations and Social Order in Southeastern Europe " (University of Erfurt)
  • Publication Reallexikon for Antiquity and Christianity, Bonn ( since 1950 ongoing)
  • Publication year book for Antiquity and Christianity, Bonn ( since 1958 ongoing)
  • Orthodoxia, publication series, Regensburg
  • Prosopographic woman list of the Christian East, University of Eichstätt ( since 19? )
  • New edition Georg Graf, Humboldt Research Award
  • Taktikon of Nikon of the Black Mountain. Critical Edition of the Greek and Church Slavonic version (DFG - project )
  • Priests and Orthodox churches as factors of social integration. Cultural traditions and civic potential in Bulgaria. LMU Munich (ongoing)

Scientists of the Christian East

  • Georg Graf (1875-1955), scientist of the Christian East
  • Cheikho Louis (1859-1927), scientist of the Christian East
  • Carl Anton Baumstark (1872-1948), scientist of the Christian East and comparative liturgy scientists
  • Julius Aßfalg (1919-2001), scientist of the Christian East
  • Böhlig Alexander (1912-1996), scientist of the Christian East, Koptologe and Byzantinist
  • Hyvernat Henri (1858-1941), Koptologe, semitist and orientalist
  • Aziz Atiya (1898-1988), Koptologe
Near East Arab people Syriac studies Linguistics Physician Moors Coptic saints Early Byzantine mosaics in the Middle East CEDRAC Orient-Institut Beirut Near East School of Theology Humboldt Prize Henri Hyvernat British Library
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