Estonian parliamentary election, 1920
The Estonian parliamentary election took place in 1920 to 29th November 27. There were elections to the first term of the Estonian Parliament ( Riigikogu ) after the adoption of the Estonian Constitution of 1920 by the Constituent Assembly ( Asutav Kogu ).
Election date
The first Constitution of the Republic of Estonia was adopted by the elected in April 1919 Constituent Assembly on 15 June 1920.
On July 2, 1920, adopted the Constituent Assembly, which exercised the legislative power in Estonia until the election of a parliament, the electoral law for the Republic of Estonia ( Riigikogu valimise, rahvahääletamise yes rahva algatamise õiguse seadus ).
The new Estonian constitution took effect on December 21, 1920, immediately after the first election, in force. A day earlier, ended the legislative mandate of the Constituent Assembly. The legislative power was exercised from now on solely by the Riigikogu.
Election procedures
The 100 deputies were elected according to the principle of proportional representation for a term of three years. Provided by the parties on the electoral lists for the ten constituencies. The same candidates could run in several constituencies. The seat is allocated by D' Hondt method.
Election result
In the parliamentary elections 1920, 17 parties and groups stood for election. Ten made their way into the first term of the Riigikogu.
Winner of the election was the Estonian Labour Party ( Eesti Tööerakond ). She pulled despite loss of votes with 22 mandates the largest group in the Estonian parliament. The party was 1919/20, moved more to the center from the left wing of the political spectrum.
With 21 members of the Agrarian League was slightly behind. The agriculturally oriented party could make up for the unexpected election defeat in the elections to the Constituent Assembly and tripled its share of the vote almost.
Wahlverliererin was the conservative People's Party of Estonia ( Eesti Rahvaerakond ), which had to prevail as the ruling party unpopular measures. At the same time lost the Estonian Social Democracy, which had provided the strongest faction in the Asutav Kogu, half of their electorate. The Socialist ESDTP lost votes in favor of the more radical left-wing socialist EISTP ( 11 seats ) and the Communists (5 seats) a.
The Baltic German and the Russian-speaking minority were also able to send deputies to the Parliament. Hans Pohl moved as a representative of the Swedish minority one on the voters list of the Christian People's Party in the Riigikogu. The attempts to establish an independent party of the Jews in Estonia, however, failed.
Official final result
In Parliament, Parties represented
1920-1923 not parties represented in parliament
The other parties and groups received no MP mandates:
- Eesti Vabariigi Peipsiäärsed kodanikud ( " citizens of the Republic of Estonia on Lake Peipsi " ): 0.3 %
- Meie Matsi mehed: 0.1%
- Eesti Vabariigi Võitlussõjavägi ( " Fighting Army of the Republic of Estonia " ): 0.0%
- Juudi Vähemusrahvus ( Jewish minority ): 0.0%
- Juudi rahva vähemus ( Jewish minority ): 0.0%
- Kristlik Rühm ( "Christian group " ): 0.0%
- Kuigatsi valla hääleõiguslikud kodanikud " ( voters citizen of the community Kuigatsi ) ": 0.0%
Government formation
On January 4, 1921, the newly elected parliament in " White Hall" of the castle on the Tallinn Toompea met for the first time. The plenum elected Otto Strandman (Estonian Labour Party ) for President of Parliament. It was only on 12 September 1922, the Parliament was able to inaugurate the newly designed by the architects Eugen Habermann and Herbert Johanson rooms.
The only briefly present government of the Estonian Labour Party under the State Elders ( Riigivanem ) Anton Piip resigned on 25 January 1921. Konstantin Pats by the Federation of farmers formed a new coalition government. The center-right coalition were:
- Põllumeeste Kogud ( Federation of Farmers )
- Tööerakond Eesti (Estonian Labour Party )
- Kristlik Rahvaerakond ( Christian People's Party )
- Rahvaerakond Eesti (Estonian People's Party)
The government remained until November 1922 in the office. Subsequently formed Juhan Kukk (Estonian Labour Party ), a new government that held office until the end of the legislative period. You could rely on a majority of Põllumeeste Kogud ( Federation of Farmers ), the Tööerakond Eesti (Estonian Labour Party ) and the Eesti Sotsiaaldemokraatlik Tööliste Party ( Estonian Social Democratic Workers' Party ) in the Parliament.
Parliament resolution
The first Riigikogu could not finish all of his three -year term. On the initiative of the Christian People's Party held a referendum on religious instruction in public schools was held in February 1923. And the people accepted the previously rejected by the Riigikogu law that parliament had to be dissolved.