Estonian parliamentary election, 1923

The Estonian parliamentary election in 1923 was held from May 7 from 5. It was the election for a second term of the Estonian Parliament ( Riigikogu ) after the adoption of the Estonian Constitution of 1920.

Election date

The elections in 1923 were held as early parliamentary election. In a referendum, which was held from 17 to 19 February 1923 the people had passed by a majority of 71.9 %, a law for the introduction of religious education in schools. The Riigikogu the law had previously rejected. Because the people had the Riigikogu so pronounced distrust, had according to § 32 of the Constitution no later than 75 days after the successful referendum new elections take place.

Election process

The 100 deputies were elected according to the principle of proportional representation for a term of three years. Provided by the parties on the electoral lists for the ten constituencies. The same candidates could run in several constituencies. The seat is allocated by D' Hondt method.

In the parliamentary elections of 1923 no less than 26 parties and groups stood for election. There was dispute about the authorization of individual Estonian Communists on the name lists. Many communist candidates were not allowed because they lived in the Soviet Union.

After the election, 2,367 votes for the Estonian People's Party ( Eesti Rahvaerakond ) were canceled because they did not meet the requirements of the Election Code.

Election result

The election brought the zersplittertste Estonian Parliament during the interwar period. Fourteen parties and groups made ​​their way to the Riigikogu. A restrictive clause did not exist back then. It was only introduced for the elections 1926.

The elections in 1923 strengthened the right political spectrum. The Agrarian League ( Põllumeeste Kogud ) was able to consolidate its return in the parliamentary elections 1920 election victory, now add two more mandates and the strongest party.

The previously largest party, the Estonian Labour Party ( Eesti Tööerakond ) under Otto Strandman, however, lost dramatically and lost a ten seats.

The Left Socialists lost one of its six so far eleven seats and came only five seats. This led in 1925 to the union of the Left Socialists with the Estonian Social Democracy for the Estonian Socialist Workers' Party ( Eesti Sotsialistlik Tööliste party). The losses were mainly due to the increase in votes for the Estonian Communists. This occurred in the parliamentary election in 1923 under the name Common Front of the working people ( Töörahva Ühine Väerind ) and were able to double their number of seats from the previous five seats. The " Common Front" was a Tarnplattform of operating in the underground Communist Party of Estonia.

The Russian-speaking minority was able to increase the number of deputies by joining the Russian forces from one to four mandates. The German -Baltic Party in Estonia, consolidated with slight losses its results of 1920.

The Christian People's Party ( Kristlik Rahvaerakond ) was able to maintain its earnings of 1920 and established itself as an influential factor in the Estonian political landscape of the 1920s.

Official final result

  • Number of voters: 688 675 (excluding military personnel )
  • In the electoral register of persons: 702 542 ( with military personnel)
  • Total Votes: 477 284
  • Turnout: 67.8 %
  • Invalid votes (including military personnel ): 17,199 (3.6%)
  • Valid Votes (including military personnel ): 460.085 ( 96.4 %)

In Parliament, Parties represented

1923-1926 not parties represented in parliament

The other parties and groups received no MP mandates:

  • Töörahva Liit ( " Union of the working people" ): 0.9%
  • Rootsi Liit ("Swedish Union " ): 0.8 %
  • Saare väikemaapidajad ( " small farmers in Saaremaa " ): 0.5%
  • Majandusrühm ( "economic group " ): 0.5%
  • Setu Ingeri ( " Setukesen - Ingermanlandians " ): 0.3 %
  • Väikekaupmehed, asunikud, maa -ja linnatöölised ("small merchants, settlers, land and city workers " ): 0.2%
  • Setu väikemaapidajad ( " small farmers Setumaas " ): 0.1%
  • Maarahva Party ( Võru - Valga - Põlvamaa ) ( " Country People's Party from Võru - Valga - Põlvamaa " ): 0.1%
  • Asunikud yes riigirentnikud ( Saaremaa ) ( " settlers and government tenants from Saaremaa " ): 0.1%
  • Maarahva Party ( Harju County ) ( " Country People's Party of Harju County " ): 0.0%
  • Isamaalaste party ("Party of Patriots " ): 0.0%
  • Maarahva Party ( Tallinn) ( " Country People's Party of Tallinn " ): 0.0%

Government formation

On May 30, the Riigikogu finished his first legislative session. A day later, the legislature of the new Parliament began. On June 7, the new parliament held its first plenary session. It chose Jaan Tõnisson President of the Parliament.

After the election, the former government remained under Prime Minister Juhan Kukk (Estonian Labour Party ) until August 1923 in the office. With his coalition of Põllumeeste Kogud ( Federation of Farmers, PK ), Tööerakond Eesti (Estonian Labour Party, ETE) and Eesti Sotsiaaldemokraatlik Tööliste Party ( Estonian Social Democratic Workers' Party, ESDTP ) Kukk could count on 50 seats in parliament.

In August 1923 Kukk was replaced by the election winner, the chairman of the Federation of Farmers Konstantin Pats as Prime Minister, who formed a center-right coalition of the Põllumeeste Kogud and Eesti Tööerakond, the Kristlik Rahvaerakond and Eesti Rahvaerakond. You could be based on a narrow majority of 51 of the 100 deputies.

Estonian parliamentary election, 1926 Estonian parliamentary election, 1920 Setos Valga, Estonia Estonian parliamentary election, 1929 Estonian parliamentary election, 1932 Estonian parliamentary election, 1940 Estonian parliamentary election, 1992 Estonian parliamentary election, 1995 Estonian parliamentary election, 1999 Estonian parliamentary election, 2003
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