Evangelos Averoff
Evangelos Averof - Tositsas ( born April 17, 1910 in Trikala, † January 2, 1990 in Athens, Greek Ευάγγελος Αβέρωφ ) was a conservative Greek politician, writer and Industrial Aromanian ( vlachischer ) origin. The full name was Evangelos Averof - Tositsas ( Ευάγγελος Αβέρωφ - Τοσίτσας ) or Evangelos Averof - Anastasios Tositsas ( Ευάγγελος Αναστασίος Αβέρωφ - Τοσίτσας ).
He came from the Aromanian family Averof from the town of Metsovo in Epirus and was related to the entrepreneur Georgios Averof. Averof studied law and economics at the University of Lausanne ( Switzerland ). Subsequently, he received his doctorate in both a doctor of political sciences as well as a doctor of law degree. Formally he was in succession the baron Mikhail Tositsas also Baron Tositsa. According to article 4, paragraph 7 of the Greek Constitution of 1975 ( prohibition of nobility and aristocracy names) he did not lead this noble title in Greece. He lived since 1946 in Kifissia, a suburb in the Greater Athens, died there on January 2, 1990 and was buried there.
Political action
In 1940 he was appointed prefect ( Nomarchis ) of Kerkyra ( Corfu ). After the occupation of Corfu by Italian troops in 1941 during the Second World War Averof returned to Trikala. In Trikala Averof tried to stop vlachische families of the collaboration with the Italian occupiers. For this Averof was arrested and taken to Italy. One year after the arrest escaped Averof, but remained in Italy and participated in a resistance organization. In 1944 he was formally military and served as a member of the Greek military mission since September 1943 in the fighting on the Allied side in Italy. Evangelos Averof 1946 was first elected to the Greek Parliament as MP for the constituency of Ioannina. He was represented at the Liberal Party of Greece (comma File Left Heron, KF). On January 20, 1949, he was fifth in the Cabinet of Prime Minister Themistocles Sophoulis Minister of Supply. This office he held for the sixth Cabinet Sophoulis and the first Cabinet Alexandros Diomidis until 6 January 1950. Sophoklis by Prime Minister Venizelos he was on 27 March to the Minister of National Economy in its second Cabinet appointed. With the inauguration of Nikolaos Plastiras as the new Prime Minister, he lost the office already on 15 April 1950. Averof On August 21, 1950, in the third government of Sophoklis Venizelos Minister of Agriculture. 7 days later moved to the business section and took over as acting in the meantime not occupied the Ministry of Supply. On January 28, 1951 Averof resigned as Economic and Minister of Supply. In the third government of Nikolaos Plastiras Averof was appointed Deputy Foreign Minister. In this role, he submitted claims to the British Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden the proposal to unite Cyprus with Greece and simultaneously to lease the UK for 99 years of military bases on the island. Eden rejected the offer. With the resignation of the government Plastiras also Averoffs term of office ended on 11 October 1952. Afterwards he belonged neither the transitional government nor the government Alexandros Papagos Kiosopoulos (as opposed to the later Prime Minister Konstantinos Karamanlis ). The parliamentary seat for Ioannina he defended in the elections in 1950 and 1951 as a partisan of the KF. In the parliamentary elections on 16 November 1952 - in contrast to the previous one majority vote - Averof was not re-elected in the constituency of Ioannina and was eliminated from the Greek Parliament.
In the parliamentary elections in 1956 Averof succeeded in re-entry into the Parliament as a Member of Wahlkreisis Ioannina. Before the election, the Conservative Party had Averof Ethniki Enosis Rizospastiki (ERE, National Radical Union ) of the long-standing prime minister Konstantinos Karamanlis connected, whose member he remained until its de facto dissolution by the military dictatorship in 1967. From his Liberal Party with its president Sophoklis Venizelos he stepped out. The parliamentary seat for Ioannina he successfully defended in 1958, 1961, 1963 and 1964.
With his appointment as Minister of Agriculture on 29 February 1956, he joined the second cabinet Konstantinos Karamanlis and thus in the Greek government. Almost three months later moved Averof from agriculture in the State Department. A post he held until the resignation of Konstantinos Karamanlis on 20 June 1963, only interrupted by month by transitional governments with the then Foreign Minister Mikhail Pesmazoglou. In his time as Greek Foreign Minister of Cyprus conflict dominated the foreign policy agenda of Greece. During his tenure, the armed resistance of the Greek Cypriots escalated in the form of underground organization EOKA under Georgios Grivas against British colonial rule in Cyprus with the aim of connecting Cyprus to Greece ( Enosis ). In addition to the armed struggle against the British colonial disputes between the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot population escalated into an open armed conflict in June 1958. Initiated by Averof to solve the Cyprus conflict by an independence of Cyprus with simultaneous Greek safeguards against Enosis was both the leader of the Greek Cypriots, Makarios, as also prevents from its own Greek Cabinet. A month later Averof took for insurance the support of the non-aligned states for the Greek position in the smoldering Cyprus conflict in the meeting of the former Yugoslav head of state Josip Broz Tito with Egypt's President Gamal Abdel Nasser on the island of Brijuni on 8 and 9 July 1958 in part. In the fall of 1958 Averof tried as Representative of Greece to the UN to get a resolution that would support the Greek position in the Cyprus conflict; this he did not succeed. Averof opened out in recognition of the need for a negotiated solution with the then Turkish Foreign Minister Zorlu († 1961) talks about the future of Cyprus. In the subsequent negotiations in Zurich on the solution of the Cyprus conflict between Britain, Turkey and Greece officially represented Averof next to the Prime Minister Greece. These negotiations led to the London Treaty of Guarantee for an independent Cyprus on 19 February 1959. On 16 August 1960, Cyprus became an independent state. To stabilize the peace process initiated in Cyprus by the Turkish Foreign Minister Sarper and the Cypriot Foreign Minister Kyprianou agreed in December 1960 in Paris Averof as foreign minister for Greece, on the establishment of a conciliation commission. In August 1962, Averof visited Turkey to defuse tensions between the two countries because of the Cyprus conflict continues.
With the resignation of Prime Minister Karamanlis on June 11, 1963 Averof had to relinquish the post of foreign minister. In the following two managing governments up to the parliamentary elections Averof held a ministerial office. The electoral defeat of the EUA In 1963, the then opposition Center Union ( Enosis Kendrou, EK ) to power. Until 1967 he was a deputy; in the Conservative governments from July 1965 to April 1967 he was not represented. The conservative Prime Minister Panagiotis Kanellopoulos called Averof in the last government before the military dictatorship on April 3, 1967 for the second time to the Minister for Agriculture. After 18 days, the term of office Averoffs ended with the start of the Greek military dictatorship on April 21, 1967.
During the Greek military dictatorship from 1967 to 1974 Averof not left Greece. In the sight of the repressive apparatus of the military dictatorship Averof finally came in 1973 after the " desertion " of the Greek destroyer Velos to Italy for May 1973 Averof was arrested.; he was accused of "incitement " against.
With the return of Konstantinos Karamanlis from exile in France in July 1974 Averof proceeded again to important political offices. Karamanlis appointed him as Secretary of Defense in his transitional government. The Karamanlis founded in 1974 the center-right New Democracy Party ( ND ) occurred in Averof. In November 1974, Karamanlis and ND won the parliamentary elections: Averof was re-appointed as Defense Minister and held that office until October 21, 1981 ( as of May 1980 after the resignation of Karamanlis under the Prime Minister Georgios Rallis ). In October 1981, PASOK won the elections; there was a change of government.
Following the resignation of Karamanlis in 1980 Rallis and Averof competed for the party presidency of the ND: Averof subject Rallis on May 8, 1980 with just 84 to 88 votes. The ND's provided by their government Georgios Rallis lost the elections against the hitherto opposition PASOK under Andreas Papandreou. Andreas Papandreou was the successor of Averof in the secretary of defense (concurrently with Prime Minister ) itself.
The electoral defeat of the ND 1981 Averof promoted to the head of the party New Democracy: He was elected its chairman and Georgios Rallis solved in this function off. In his capacity as leader of the opposition he was able to win against the ruling PASOK party in the European elections in 1984 seven percentage points compared to the last election: PASOK lost the same extent. The aim of the PASOK replace as the strongest party was missed. In late 1984 he joined at the age of 75 years back as party chairman and was elected honorary president of the New Democracy party.
Journalistic work
Averof accordingly published his study in 1933 an economics work on a Customs Union in the Balkans, which was awarded a prize. From 1939 he turned to political publications and published - even at times of the dictatorship of Ioannis Metaxas - a treatise on the population problem in Greece. In 1948, he became involved by means of a book for the interests of Kutsovlachen ( Aromanians ). From the 1960s Averof also published prose and dramatic literature. The publications of political science and political writings, he continued to a reduced extent. In his novels, "The voice of the Earth" and "Voice of Pain" and " Delphic earth " treated Averof the Italian occupation in Thessaly and during which the situation of the population.
Selected Works of Averof in chronological order are:
Economic activity
Averof worked as a winemaker in the winery of his family ( Averof and Katogi Strofilia ) in Metsovo. He created in the 1960s for the first time a red wine ( cuvee ) from a native Greek and an imported variety. In addition to the winery, he served as Chairman of establishment " Mikhail Tositsa " in Kifissia, a suburb of Athens, worked.