GoiÃ¡s

- 15.933333333333 - 49.333333333333Koordinaten: 16 ° S, 49 ° W

Goiás [ ɡojas ] (abbreviation: GO ) is a state located in the " Midwest " ( Portuguese: Centro - Oeste) of Brazil.

Its capital and most populous city with 1.3 million inhabitants, Goiânia. It was planned from 1933, formerly called only Goiás to replace the old capital of Goiás Velho, created. Goiás is the most central state in Brazil and is divided into 246 municipalities ( Portuguese: municipios ) with a total of almost six million inhabitants.

Goiás is bordered ( clockwise starting from the north ) to the Brazilian states of Tocantins, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul and Mato Grosso. The Distrito Federal with the Brazilian capital Brasília is completely surrounded by territory Goiás '.

4.1 climate
4.2 Climate data
4.3 climates in Goiás

6.1 mesoregions
6.2 Cities

7.1 Agriculture 7.1.1 Agricultural production in 2009 in Goiás

7.3.1 Tourism

Flag

The green horizontal stripes symbolize as in the national flag, the powerful Brazilian forests and the yellow stand for the color of gold that was found in the 17th century in Goiás. The blue rectangle at the top left symbolizes the sky with five white stars representing the Southern Cross. The flag was introduced on 30 July 1919.

See also crest of Goiás

Geography

With an area of 340,087 km ² Goiás is the smallest of the three states in the Midwest (apart from the Distrito Federal do Brasil ), making it almost as large as Germany ( 357,112 km ²). In terms of size with all 26 states of Goiás is with an area ratio of 3.99% in seventh place, in terms of population but only in twelfth position. The population density is only 17.7 people per km ².

Some well-known high levels are:

In the northwest of Goiás, the Araguaia valley is at a height of only 300 m.

Hydrography

Of the total twelve hydrographic basins in Brazil affect three Goiás:

Watercourses

The most important rivers and their tributaries within Goiás are:

Rio Tocantins Rio Araguaia Rio Crixás - Açu
Rio Vermelho

Rio Meia Ponte
More right tributaries are: Rio Aporé, Rio dos Bois, São Marcos, Rio Corumbá, Rio Claro, Rio Maranhão.

The southwestern border of Mato Grosso do Sul and Goiás is by the Rio Aporé (also called Rio do Peixe ) formed, which flows southward into the Rio Paranaíba. The western border of Goiás to Mato Grosso do Sul and Mato Grosso is marked by the northward flowing Araguaia River, a left tributary of the Rio Tocantins. The latter flows south of the Amazon delta in the South Atlantic.

Standing water

Goiás has relatively few and very small natural lakes for its size. This " shortcoming " was eliminated by the construction of several reservoirs in the 20th century. So some of them belong, depending on feature such as area, storage volume, etc., the largest in the world.

Climate

In Goiás different climatic regions can be identified in spite of its geographical location in the intertropical climate depending on altitude and duration of the dry period in winter.

Climate

The northernmost point of Goiás is located at 12.4 ° South to the municipality of São Miguel de Araguaia. The southernmost point of 19.5 ° South is located in the municipality of Rio Itajá on Paranaíba. This Goiás lies wholly north of the Tropic of Capricorn, is due to its geographical location at the intertropical, summer humid tropics, which is also known as teilarides climate ( ie semi- dry) or as a central Brazilian tropical climate with two clear seasons: With several months of dry season in winter ( May-September) and a damp, rainy summer.

Climatic values

At higher altitudes and / or during the colder months in winter temperatures can drop to single digits at night sometimes!

Climatic regions in Goiás

The dry season lasts four to five months in Goiás ( semi- humid region ), with the exception of the area in the southwestern part of Goiás (southwest of Rio Verde ), where the dry season lasts only three months (wet region).

Flora and Fauna

By periodically dry climate prevails in Goiás before it a typical savanna vegetation called cerrado in Brazil and thus the Cerrado ecoregion form with a very diverse fauna. Even today, new species are discovered in Goiás.

This unique and diverse ecosystem, one tries to protect recently by creating parks and use by promoting nature-based tourism ( ecotourism ).

National Parks

National Park Chapada dos Veadeiros

Emas National Park

State Reserves

Altamiro de Moura Pacheco

Serra de Caldas Novas

Paraúna

Parque Estadual da Serra dos Pireneus with the Pico dos Pireneus

Terra Ronca

Nature Reserves ( Portuguese: APA: Área de proteção ambiental ):

Bacia do Rio Descoberto in DF and GO ( 1983)

Meandros do Rio Araguaia in Nova Crixás (1998)

Headwaters of the Rio Vermelho Goiás Velho order (2001)

Structure

Mesoregions

From the Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics ( IBGE ) Goiás is divided for statistical purposes into five mesoregions and 18 micro-regions. The mesoregions are:

The 18 micro-regions are further described in 246 political municipalities ( Portuguese: municipios ) divided comprising several villages in the rule.

See also: mesoregions and micro-regions in Goiás

Cities

The twenty largest cities, of a total of 246 municipalities with more than 50,000 inhabitants per Census 2010 in Goiás economic comparison:

What is striking is

The fact that almost half of the largest cities in the GDP per capita is one of the below-average in Goiás. The majority of them belong even to the poorest communities ( five municipalities on the last six places ).
Five of the ten most vulnerable communities are among the largest municipalities, which is probably also due to the increasing rural exodus detectable in recent years.
Only two communities are among the top ten in terms of GDP per capita

Economy

In terms of gross domestic product ( GDP) Goiás with a Brazilian share of 2.45 % in ninth place. The GDP per capita is R $ 11,548.

Agriculture

Soy

Sugarcane plant

Goiás is a major producer of cereals, pulses and oil seeds and thus is fourth in Brazil to Paraná, Mato Grosso and Rio Grande do Sul. Topping the response Goiás in tomatoes and sorghum one, with garlic, it is just behind Minas Gerais, the third place is occupied with cotton and sunflower, despite the fact that the area under cultivation was reduced in 2009 for the latter to one-third of the previous year. Other important products are sugarcane, soy and corn.

The yield comparison between Goiás and Brazil in the table below shows that the yield in kg / ha in Goiás is mostly higher than the average income in Brazil ( comparison of columns yield (kg / ha) with BRA- yield (kg / ha) ).

Agricultural production in 2009 in Goiás

Industry

In Goiás, inter alia, be Coal, gravel, phosphate ore, nickel and gold mined.

Important industries include agricultural chemicals, food processing, metal processing, furniture and woodworking industry, and apparel industry.

Service sector

Tourism

Well-known tourist destinations are:

Goiás Velho

Pirenópolis

Caldas Novas

Popular seaside resorts during the dry season (June, July ) are:

Aruanã
São Miguel do Araguaia

History and Culture

The name of the state of Goiás comes from the indigenous people Goyaz, which originally lived in the Rio Vermelho.

In 1592 was discovered in the area of Goiás Velho gold, but only in the second half of the 18th century it was the search for the precious metal a boost by the discovery of richer deposits. 1748 Captaincy de Goiás was founded, and broke up so of São Paulo. In 1824 it was converted into a province. In 1988 the northern part was removed from the territory separated and now forms the state of Tocantins.

Famous people

Jussara Marques, Brazilian beauty queen of 1949

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