Kalymnos
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The Greek island of Kalymnos (Greek Κάλυμνος ( f sg ) ), together with Telendos Pserimos and some small uninhabited islands a municipality ( δήμος, Dimos ) in the region South Aegean. Headquarters with more than 12,000 inhabitants, Kalymnos (also called Pothia ).
Location
With 110.581 km ² Kalymnos is the fourth largest Dodekanesinsel. It is located in the eastern Aegean Sea between Kos and Leros, 12 km south 2.1 km to the north. The shortest distance to Asia Minor, Bodrum ( Bodrum Turkish Yarımadası ) in the east is nearly 17 km. To the municipality include some of the surrounding islands, the largest Pserimos 5 km east, Telendos 1 km west and Kalolimnos more than 6 km northeast. The Glaronisia in the Strait of Leros ( Στενό της Λέρου ) belong to the municipality of Leros.
The maximum length is from northwest to southeast nearly 21 km, the maximum width in the south 13 km, the narrowest part lies in the north at about 1.2 km.
Kalymnos is a mountainous and mountainous island, the proportion of levels below 10% of the total area. The Paleonisos Peninsula ( Παλαιόνησος ) in the north with a length of about 11 km and a width of 2 km is oriented from west - northwest to east - southeast. This orographic orientation is also found in the south of the main part of the island with three parallel mountain ranges. The central mountain range reaches to the Prophet Elias in the central island area 676 meters. The two valleys of Vathy and Pothia drain to the east coast.
Etymology
The original name of the island is probably Kalydna καλός of 'good' and 'beautiful' and ύδνα (of ύδωρ ) derived water ', meaning island with good water. Also in the Iliad the kalydnischen Islands during singing, line 677 are delivered:
Οἳ δ ἄρα Νίσυρόν τ εἶχον Κράπαθόν τε Κάσον τε καὶ Κῶν Εὐρυπύλοιο πόλιν νήσους τε Καλύδνας, τῶν αὖ Φείδιππός τε καὶ Ἄντιφος ἡγησάσθην Θεσσαλοῦ υἷε δύω Ἡρακλεΐδαο ἄνακτος · τοῖς δὲ τριήκοντα γλαφυραὶ νέες ἐστιχόωντο.
Then the Nisyros around, and Krapathos built, and Kasos, Kos, the Eurypylos city, and around the kalydnischen Islands: This commanded Pheidippos same time and Antiphos leader, Both Thessalos sons of herakleidischen king. Follow you ' a squadron of thirty ships bent.
In the 4th century BC, the island is then called Kalymna, the name changed into the Byzantine period in Kalymnos.
Community and population figures
More than 90 % of the island 's population lives in Pothia form, Chorio and Panormos together the closed settlement area of a town of nearly 15,000 inhabitants ( 2011). In contrast, the Paleonisos peninsula is almost uninhabited island in the north with the settlements Arginonda, Skalia and Emborios with more than 100 inhabitants.
- Kalymnos ( Κάλυμνος ( f sg ) ) or Pothia also Pothea ( Πόθια also Πόθαια ( f sg ) ), 12,324
- Arginonda ( Αργινώντα (n. pl. ) 17
- Argos ( Άργος (n. sg. ) ), 278
- Emborios ( Εμπορειός ( m. sg. ) ) 56
- Kamari ( Καμάρι (n. sg. ) ), 86
- Myrtie ( Μυρτιές (f. pl. ) ), 325
- Panormos ( Πάνορμος ( f sg ) ), 2069
- Skalia ( Σκαλιά (n. pl. ) ), 41
- Vathy ( Βαθύ ( m. sg. ) ), 492
- Vlychadia Βλυχάδια (n. pl. ) ), 68
- Vothyni ( Βοθύνοι ( m. pl. ) ), 245
Economy
From the second half of the 19th century until the 1960s was the sponge diving and the processing of the sponges of the main economic factor and contributed to the prosperity of Kalymnos at. 1950, the income still at 60 % of the overall economy, since this industry is insignificant. Almost half of the workforce is now employed in the service sector, 37 % in industry and 13% in agriculture.
Agriculture
Due to the topography and lack of water, the agriculture of the island has never been particularly pronounced. The agricultural areas are located in the valleys of Vathy and Pothia and on the plateau at Argos. To a lesser extent, in Panormos and around the villages Skalia and Emborios. The only significant agricultural area located in the valley of Vathi. At 1,500 hectares of citrus fruits are produced on more than 100 acres of open field vegetables. Vegetable crops are increasingly cultivated in plastic houses. The quantities produced meet the local needs not, the coverage gap is closed by imports mainly from Kos but also from Athens. Around the village Argos olives and vines are grown.
Uncontrolled grazing, an excessively high animal population ( 12,400 sheep, 2000) combined with a legacy water shortages have led to Kalymnos greatly to overgrazing.
Kalymnos is a center of coastal fisheries in the Prefecture of Dodecanese. Significantly, the swordfish hunt with a quota of 200 to 600 tons annually. However, lack of marine equipment, uncontrolled fishing and lack of awareness lead to a deterioration of the marine environment and to declining catch rates.
Formerly known as the island of sponge fishermen, the income of the sponge fisheries are insignificant today. The annual production fell by 48 tonnes (1967 ) to 30 tons (1986 ) and reached in 1992 only 3.5 tons. Main reasons for this decline are a hitherto unexplained mass death, the less are the copies and overfishing.
Manufacturing
The situation in the manufacturing sector is more important than on many Greek islands. Of the 15 companies that are primarily located east of the port, the state-owned electricity company ΔΕΗ, a dockyard, an operation of the sponge processing and a quarry are the main employers.
Tourism
Tourism is not developed as in other islands of the prefecture. Due to the problems in agriculture and industry increase the supply is sought. Only 35 % of the island visitors are foreigners. Since around the turn of the millennium, the island has established itself as a world-renowned destination for rock climbers. Most climbing areas are concentrated around the place Masouri on the west coast.
Twinning
The municipality of Kalymnos is twinned with