League system

The league system is used in the national sport of the division of teams in different degrees leagues ( leagues ).

• 7.1 Football

• 8.1 General
• 8.2 Football

Competition mode

For each league has a responsible to host association. In higher league levels is usually the " general government " Union, in the case of men's football in Germany, this is the DFL. In the mid- game class levels there are regional and national associations in the lower levels of the district organizations. Within any class level, the assignment of a team to a league that is governed by the Kreis-/Landes-/Regionalverband, which belongs to the team.

League systems offer a huge number of teams as equal as possible competition conditions over an entire season. In general, the higher the match class-level, the large-area, the region is in the game. In order to keep travel costs low, lower leagues are very often divided into several squadrons or groups. In this case one speaks of a " multi-pronged " league. ( One difference between the terms " team" and " group " is not yet known., For example, the East German league was divided into squadrons A and B during the 2nd Bundesliga was divided into the groups North and South. Both terms are synonymously used today. ) at the end of the season is the first in a league table usually master. Usually the winners rise to the next higher league level and on the last placed in the next lower league level from. The height of the League level can be considered as a guide for where the athletic performance of a team is to be classified.

The usual in most sports competition format is round robin (English Round Robin ). It will meet at least three teams in a group against each other. To compensate for home advantage, this system is usually played in a round-trip Round (English Double Round Robin ). Points are awarded per competition, which are added on the match year. As a result during the current season in a league rank, which is illustrated by table. A national championship, a game round extends mostly over a full year. With a lower number of teams per league season is often played in a double round, which means each carries against any two home and two away games, so that is the case, for example, in ice hockey.

With twelve teams per league, there is the possibility of further division: the championship was split into a back and a back round in so-called play-offs: A Champion play-off with six teams and a descent play-off, also with six teams. This makes a total of only 32 (11 11 5 5) instead of the normal 44 (11 11 11 11) rounds. Sometimes a system is played, in which each team plays each other three times in total, but this leads to injustices at home advantage. Examples are in football for the second game class level in Austria, the Scottish Premier League and the first league in Denmark.

Further modes are the Cup mode with the knockout system, the Best -Of- mode or apply Teams priori " set " as. Combinations thereof are also possible, which puts each sports federation fixed itself.

Demarcation cup competitions or qualifiers

The League operation is performed continuously, year after year, unlike cup competitions or qualifiers (eg for the football World Cup), which are discharged event-related. Meet In cup competitions and qualifiers usually participants with very different performance each other.

The many sports as Champions League ( champions league ) designated highest continental competition for club teams is usually despite the name, actually a cup competition. The qualification is about the national championship, not about promotion and relegation. However, one or more rounds will be played in group mode, rather than in the knockout system.

International Leagues

In some sports there are also national leagues with promotion and relegation. How to Play at the World Ice Hockey Championships addition to the actual World Cup tournament in three divisions, with the top two in each division each to qualify for the next higher division next year. A similar system exists in the Davis Cup, in which between the World Group, the top division, and the winners of the continental groups a Relegation is played.

Professional leagues outside of a league system

At the national level championships are usually held in team sports in league system. The biggest exception to this is the USA and Canada, where closed professional leagues without and losers are common (examples: National Basketball Association or National Football League). Other professional leagues outside of North America exist outside of a league system, such as the Indian Premier League or the Continental Hockey League. An introduction to these leagues is only possible through the purchase of a license.

In lower leagues play normally farm team of the organizations that provide a professional team in the league. The number of teams in the professional leagues have been and will always be enlarged. The leagues are usually divided into so-called Conferences and Divisions. The best teams from the Divisions play in a play-off in the knockout system for the championship title.

Ranking

Each game or any competition ends with victory (two or three points) or defeat, in most ball sports also draws are possible (a point ). Accordingly, fixed price points are awarded, the goals scored in the competition, matches are counted in parallel etc.. All this is added over a game year. This results within a league or season during the current season, a ranking which is illustrated by table.

Example Football: In case of equality of two teams decide, depending on setting: Goal Difference, number of goals scored in all group matches, direct encounters between the teams against each other ( number of points, goal difference, goals scored ). However, the order of the individual criteria varies according to association and competition.

Germany

Generally

Depending on the sport or region each game classes have different names:

• League ( gaming operations nationwide)
• Regional ( game not operating nationwide, class- highest regional split league)
• Oberliga ( Game Operating across countries, depending on state or regional association of the sport )
• Association league / division / country class ( match operation per federal or regional)
• Bezirksoberliga / District League / District of class ( match operating regionally )
• County league / circuit class ( match operating locally )

Basketball

• Basketball League and Women's National Basketball League ( gaming operations nationwide)
• ProA ( game operating nationwide)
• ProB
• Regional ( four regional leagues )

Organized as follows depending on the province as a rule:

• Oberliga
• Division
• District League
• County league

Baseball

• Baseball - Bundesliga

Hockey

In German the German Ice Hockey Ice Hockey League, also DEL - The 1st Bundesliga named the top flight and calculates the German ice hockey champions. Among the 2nd Bundesliga is another nationwide league. Unlike most other sports, the league is the third- highest division. From the regional leagues, the fourth division, the leagues are organized by the regional associations ice. The national league, in Bavaria and North Rhine -Westphalia, the district leagues, here are the lowest flight.

Football

In German football exist depending on ausrichtendem National Association up to 13 league levels. The two top divisions are currently the Bundesliga and 2. At the beginning of the season 2008/2009 a third league was introduced. The Bundesliga determined the German champions. At the bottom of the football league system are the district leagues and county classes.

Handball

In the German handball league, there are five levels for women and men. The three Divisions at the federal level are the Bundesliga, 2nd Bundesliga and the playing for four seasons third league.

Hockey

The league system in the German Hockey consists of national leagues, regional leagues, top leagues and association leagues, which are staggered at different depths depending on the state association.

Tennis

• Bundesliga Men, Women Bundesliga ( Game Operating nationwide) and Bundesliga Men 30 ( 2014: North and South)
• Ever a 2nd Bundesliga Men, 2nd Bundesliga Men 30 (until 2013) and Bundesliga 2 of the ladies ( from 2012: Group of North and South)
• Four regional leagues ( South East, South West, West and North-East, gaming operations across countries except West ( just North Rhine -Westphalia) )
• Oberligen (Southwest League North and South, North league Oberliga Niedersachsen -Bremen, game mode is usually limited to one Land )
• Association League ( gaming operations in each province, highest division at the state level )
• Country leagues ( gaming operations in each province, often in North / Central / South squadrons divided )
• Bezirksoberliga ( highest division in a district, which usually lasts for several counties )
• District League (play operation with several divisions in a district)
• District class ( match operation with several divisions, usually over several counties. Has many regional associations replaced the county leagues )
• County league (play operation usually in a district, only a few national associations )
• Kreisklasse ( game mode in the same district )

Austria

Football

• Federal Leagues (Bundesliga and First League )
• Regional ( divided into West, Central and East )
• Division (one division for each of the nine states where Tyrol is the responsibility of the Carinthian League )

For more information on the league pyramid in Austria can be found at football league system in Austria

Switzerland

Generally

Normally, the names of the various leagues in all sports are numbered alike:

• NLA National League A, abbr
• National League B, abbr NLB
• League 1 ( in individual sports the third-highest league is called the National League C, abbreviation NLC, among others, in tennis )
• 2nd League
• 3 League
• 4 League ( ice hockey, this is the lowest league)
• 5 League (only in very few sports)

Football

• Super League with varying sponsor additional
• Challenge League
• League 1 Promotion
• 1 League Classic
• 2 League interregional
• 2nd regional league
• 3 League
• 4 League
• 5 League

From each league can be on or relegated to the next higher or next lower.

The Super League and Challenge League through the Swiss Football League, League 1 and League 2 interregional ( amateur league ) are as independent chambers in the Swiss Football Association integrated. The championships in the four lowest leagues are organized by the 13 regional associations of the Football Association. These are either pure cantonal associations (eight in total, including: Aargauischer Football Association, Vaud Football Association ), who may impose exceptions to sporadic clubs near a State boundary, or cantonal associations ( a total of five, for example: Eastern Swiss Football Association, Football Association Region Zurich, Central Swiss Football Association ).