Lobbes Abbey

The Abbey of Saint -Pierre de Lobbes was a Benedictine abbey in Lobbes in Hainault. It was founded in 660/670 of Landelin of Crespin and played in the Middle Ages in the religious life of the diocese of Liege a prominent role. In 1794 it was burned by revolutionaries.

History

According to tradition, settled in the year of nobles and former highwayman Landelin in today Lobbes and founded a hermitage with a undoubtedly wooden chapel Saint- Pierre to here to worship the relics of the Apostle Peter, which he had brought from Rome. From the hermitage was a monastic community that Landelin left again to continue again settle a few kilometers in the solitude of the place, later the abbey was built on the Alder.

The Community in Lobbes was entrusted to his followers Ursmar which formed a monastery from the group whose prior and later became the first abbot he was, and is thus regarded as the actual founder of the Abbey Lobbes. In his order had already Pippinids with determining who wanted to build Lobbes as regional counterpoint to the bishop of Cambrai. In the year 697 a new church was consecrated, which had given Landelin in order, then another on a nearby hill, the later collegiate church of Saint - Ursmer de Lobbes, which should serve as a grave church, since no one in the monastery church because of Peter's relics was allowed to be buried.

The next abbots of Lobbes were Ermin ( 711-737 ) and Abel († 764 ), the tombs are located in the crypt of the Saint - Ursmer. 751/754, ie in the time of the commencement Government Pippin the Younger, Lobbes became the royal monastery and then in succession also an intellectual center of the region, with a library, the books at the end of the 8th century already encompassed 347 volumes. The monks devoted themselves to drafting biographies of saints, including a Vita Ermini that comes from Abbot Anson ( 776-800 ). A scriptorium was created and a studio for miniature painting. The associated training center was at the request of Charlemagne then founded the abbey.

A first crisis underwent the abbey after Hugbert, the brother of King Lothair II, by usurpation lay abbot of Lobbes was and succeeded in a short time to drive the abbey to the brink of ruin. With his abbot Franco ( † 903), who had since 856 Bishop of Liege and 881 took over the office in Lobbes, then went to the status as King monastery lost and started at the time of such close linkage of the abbey with the Diocese ( 889 transmitting the abbacy by the Bishop Arnulf of Carinthia ), that by the Bishop Ebrachar († 971 ), the bishops were also simultaneously abbots of Lobbes. Only with Aletran, who was sent by Ebrachar after Lobbes, the abbey regained some of their independence. The years of personal union were part of the big time of the Abbey Lobbes, which lasted until the end of the 11th century. The Scholaster the Abbey at that time were sought: Thierry de Leernes († 1087), for example, taught in Stavelot, Verdun, Mousson and Fulda before being abbot in Saint -Hubert. In the scriptorium of the Bible Lobbes ( 1084 ), which today is located in Tournai was built, and the with the monk Goderan is known even of the calligrapher.

By the beginning of the 10th century a new monastery church is built. She was ordained by Bishop Stephen of Liege 920 ( and abbot of Lobbes ). Abt Folcuin ( 965-990 ) adds a cloister. He is also the author of the chronicle Gesta abbatum Laubiensum, which is regarded as a credible source for the history of the Abbey. Abt Heriger can build an oratory, which is dedicated to St. Benedict of Nursia. The wealth of the abbey is now so great that in 1036, in turn, a new monastery church is dedicated, larger than any previous, but only under Abbot Adélard ( 1053-1077 ) is completed.

1130/31 held the Cluniac reform moving into Lobbes, which then lost its importance in the 13th century: short tenures alien monastery abbots and losses of possession dominated this time. 1497 was the Bursfeld Congregation monastic life renewed, so that in 1550 a foundation stone for a new, fourth monastery church can be laid by Abbot Caulier. Under the leadership of Dominique Capron the building which is consecrated in 1576 under Abbot Ermin François, that church, which can be seen on the pictures of the 17th and 18th century produced. 1569 were Lobbes, summarized the abbey of Saint -Vaast and a number of other monasteries of the Benedictine Congregation of exempten abbeys in Flanders.

The wars after the outbreak of the French Revolution will be devastating for Lobbes. The monastery buildings are burned down in 1794, under the abbot previously selected in Vulgise de Vigneron be driven 43 monks. The abbey was formally dissolved in 1796, the ruins are sold as national property, the stones are used to enhance the 1816-1817 walls of the city of Charleroi.

The two remains of the abbey of some importance are the Porte de Thudinie and La Porte Lette said access to the Abbey from the road to Binche, the doubt from the time of Abbot Ursmer Rancelot († 1718) comes from, and the grave church of Saint- Ursmer, as parish Church survived, and today is one of the oldest churches in Belgium. Several small buildings were integrated into the station of Lobbes.

Lobbes in the 18th century, the monastery church of Saint -Pierre in the center and the grave church of Saint- Ursmar right in the background

Saint- Ursmar

Abbots

  • Ursmar († 713) withdrawal 711
  • Ermin († 737 )
  • Abel († 764 ), from 744 a short time Bishop of Reims
  • Theodulf († 776 )
  • Anson († 800 )
  • Ramneric († probably 823 ) ( Carolingian )
  • Fulrad, † 826, 823 Abt ( Carolingian )
  • ...
  • Hugo, † 836
  • ...
  • Hugbert, († 864) lay abbot of 864
  • 864/881 several Laienäbte
  • Franco ( † 903), 856 bishop of Liege, 881 Abbot of Lobbes
  • Stephan († 920), 903 bishop of Liege
  • Hilduin († 936 ), 920-1 Bishop of Liege, then bishop of Verona and Archbishop of Milan
  • Richard ( † 945) from the family of Matfriede, 921 Bishop of Liège
  • Hugh I († 947), 945 bishop of Liege
  • Bert Florentino II († 953 ), 947 bishop of Liege
  • Rather († 974 ), 953-955 Bishop of Liege, Bishop of Verona
  • Balderich I ( † 959 ), 955 bishop of Liege
  • Ebrachar († 971 ), 959 bishop of Liege
  • Aletran, 960 used by Ebrachar in Lobbes
  • Folcuin, Abt 965-990 ( Carolingian )
  • Heriger († 1007) Abt 990-1007
  • ...
  • Adélard, abbot 1053-1077
Order of Saint Benedict County of Hainaut Saint Peter Aulne Abbey Ermin of Lobbes Abel of Reims Sarcophagus Hucbert Usurper Personalunion Stephen of Liège Bursfelde Congregation Abbey of St. Vaast Ratherius Georg Heinrich Pertz Lexikon des Mittelalters
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