Northern Wei
The Northern Wei Dynasty was a foreign rule in North China ( 385-535 ), which was established mainly by the people of Tabgatsch ( Tuoba ).
History
The dynasty had to confront in the north with the proto -Mongolian Rouran that you threw back into the steppe (402 ff.) In the south, had it with the National Early Chinese Song Dynasty (南宋, 420-479 ) to do that by the Southern Qi Dynasty (齐, 479-501 ) and the Liang Dynasty (梁, 502-557 ) was followed. 423 snatched Tuoba Si ( 409-423 ) the song the city of Luoyang.
The most significant Tuoba rulers was Tuoba Tao ( 423-452 ). His cavalry sat 424/25, 429, 443, 449 and 458 successfully with the Rouran apart, where reportedly it caused a great carnage. He also tore more pieces of China itself; this time from the Xiongnu clan Ho -lien ( Tung-wan/Shaanxi 426/27 ), the case of Yan ( Xianbei also, in Jehol 436 ) and the case of Liang ( Kan-chou/Gansu 439 ). This was the whole of northern China united under the Wei dynasty.
The country was, but soon the destructive tension between Chinese culture and management and derjeniger Turkish, Mongolian or Tibetan nomads.
Tuoba Tao was, for example, 446 follow Buddhism in China, so that his nomadic move not effeminate and refused in the old imperial city of Chang'an and Luoyang. Nevertheless, the Chinese gave increasingly set the tone, as their management experience to supply the population was inevitable.
The Tuoba rulers endeavored from the outset to have to make and cultivate new land under cultivation. They kept the peasants and the artisans under strict, military control. With the increasing number of sedentary people in the kingdom of structure at the time of Tuoba Tao, this harsh policy had to be flexible. The leading person in this case the counselor Cui Hao was ( 381-450 ), who introduced the Chinese administration methods and the Chinese criminal law.
Finally, the slope converted to luxury and the then -pervasive influence of Buddhism the mentality of much of the Tabgatsch aristocracy. Already Tuoba Jun ( 452-465 ) had the persecution of Buddhists abandoned because an estimated nine out of ten families followers of the faith. Tuoba Hongyan ( Xiaowendi, 471-499 ) moved the capital to Luoyang 494, forbade the clothing of the nomads, their language, their family name and encouraged marriages with the large Chinese families. This led to the final Sinicisation of Tabgatsch nobility.
From 523 there was an uprising of anti-Chinese Tabgatsch camp, which culminated in a civil war ( 524-34 ), in which the nomadic economy was destroyed. Thereafter the empire was 534/35 under two generals divided (Eastern Wei and Western Wei) eventually replaced by two short-lived part dynasties, which were then replaced by the Sui Dynasty.