Paris Métro Line 14
The line 14 of the Paris Métro is the youngest and the first fully automated road with driverless trains. It connects the Saint- Lazare station in the north- west and south-east of Paris Olympiades.
When completed it will be the only line of the Grand Paris Express, which crosses the city of Paris.
Gare Saint - Lazare railway tunnel and automatic doors
Châtelet
Introduction
The line 14, after the abbreviation for Metro Est -Ouest Rapide ( east-west fast metro) also known as the Meteor, was opened in 1998 and is the youngest, fastest and most advanced line of the Paris Métro network. With a total length of 8 km, it operated in a total running time of seven to nine stations whose average distance is 1.1 km. That's more than double the usual 500 meters. Line 14 operates during the rush hour in a 2 - to -3 -minute intervals; technically possible would currently 90 seconds. The high acceleration and top speed of the vehicles along with the modern expansion of the tubes driving the usual cruising speed increased from 25 km / h to 40 km / h Also contribute to the secured through glass tunnel station tracks, which allow a high extension and compression. Affixed to the platform edge doors are simultaneously opened and closed with the vehicle doors.
Similar to the VAL- Métro also the line 14 is operated without a driver. The passenger can even take in the " cab " place. In 2007, connecting flights to nine other metro lines as well as to all five RER lines. A southern extension to the two terminals of the airport Paris -Orly - running in part on the route of the present Orlyval - is configured, the total travel time from the city center is to be only about 20 minutes.
The stations are very clear by their arrangement and open design and by the use of glass. The trains do not require turning loop, but return in a further piece tunnel behind the respective terminus. Thus, a future extension of the line is relatively easily possible.
History
The line 14 has been designed and built within ten years. It is the first new line since 1935 and the second network expansion since World War II, does not represent an extension of an existing line in the suburbs. Reasons for building were on the one hand a better connection to the Gare de Lyon, on the other hand, the discharge of the RER line A and the M1 metro line, and the connection of former industrial areas in the 13th arrondissement, which today represent development areas.
The whole project was carried out under the name Meteor. Two routes were closer envisaged: a line - Maison Blanche Porte Maillot near the RER A or line République Saint- Lazare. The latter appeared to be less interesting to the discharge of the RER A was more important. At the same time planning the SNCF, the project EOLE (Est Ouest Liaison Express) to connect the eastern suburbs with the Saint- Lazare train station. Both projects were approved in October 1989 by the National Assembly. In November 1989, the route was set to the path Maison Blanche -Saint -Lazare.
The RATP had in the construction of underground routes some experience, but it took a lot of time for the preliminary work so that was begun in 1991 with the construction. To this end, a tunnel boring machine named Sandrine was built, to the port of Arsenal drilled 4.5 kilometers from the Madeleine station through the city, at a speed of 350 meters per month. This lasted all together 22 months, December 1993 bis August 1995., The under-crossing of the Seine was carried out in the caisson method. From March 1995 to March 1997 tracks were laid and attached to the electrical equipment, this year also drove the first MP 89 to the sample.
Between 1997 and October 1998, the stations were equipped. The aesthetic guidelines were completely different from the previous. Many bright and luminous materials were used, and lots of glass and metal.
The original plan foresaw a cost of 4.4 billion francs for the line. Due to the cost explosion is reduced bridge systems to Saint- Lazare - de Tolbiac ZAC (now Bibliothèque François Mitterrand ), yet 6.1 billion francs were installed in the whole. Similarly, a opening date in 1996 was first sought, in the end could not even fall back on the RATP Météor for the Football World Cup 1998.
On 15 October 1998 drove the first unguided fully automatic lanes in Paris, opened the route from President Jacques Chirac. The platforms are equipped with glass doors that separate them completely off the tracks. The trains stop to the centimeter in front of them. Due to a higher station distance (1,1 km compared to 500-700 m at conventional lines) also the travel speed of 25 km / h to 40 km / h, this in turn causes an increase in capacity by 33 % compared to the other metro lines. The line 14 communicates with the successful tire drive. It is also possible for the vehicle, which on the line 1 are almost identical with those waiting in the vehicle depot Fontenay line 1. The path is put back on the line 6 via Bercy Nation.
The line number 14 was previously awarded once before, for the line Invalides - Porte de Vanves before their merger with the line 13
2000, the association with the RER line C was taken at the train station Bibliothèque François Mitterrand in operation, of which 200 m distant maintenance Boulevard Masséna was given up for it. On 16 December 2003, the extension was opened to the Saint- Lazare train station. The line now features 14 interchanges to all five RER lines, as well as to nine metro lines.
On 26 June 2007, the present terminus Olympiades was opened and thus the 1.6 -kilometer section put into operation, which connects to the then terminus Bibliothèque François Mitterrand.
Planning
Discharge line 13
In order to get fast relief for busy up to the limits of their capacity line 13, 14 is to be extended by 5.5 km to the north until the end of 2017 the line. It will build four new stations: Pont Cardinet, Porte de Clichy ( migration to the North West branch of line 13), Clichy -St- Ouen- RER C (transfer to the RER C) and Mairie de Saint- Ouen (transfer to the Northeast branch of line 13) and also the current terminus Saint- Lazare has to be adapted. Access to the platforms is performed for disabled lifts and stairs and escalators. The platforms get a length of 120 m; and can therefore be operated with an 8- car trains, and allows them to platform screen doors. In connection with the extension of the line also receives an operating workshop, which will be accessible from the terminus.
Through this northern extension of the line 13 is relieved without having to be converted to.
To increase the capacity of the line 14 will be in the future 8-part instead of the current 6 -piece train sets are used. However, this requires appropriate modifications (ie, extension of platforms; augmentation of access or creation of new additions ) ahead at the existing stations.
The end of 2013, the Syndicat des transports d' Île -de -France approved ( briefly called STIF ) 450 million euros for the first tranche of the extension to the station Mairie de Saint- Ouen. Carry the Société du Grand Paris 59%, the Région Ile- de -France 19%, the city of Paris 20 %, and the two departments of Seine -Saint -Denis and Hauts -de -Seine each 1%. Thus, the structural work for the tunnel, for the trends to erich stations and the depot will be financed with sidings. Construction of this work is still in 2014.
Grand Paris Express
In the past, several variants of the extension line were discussed. This concretised in 2013 by the design of the new driverless metro system for the Greater Paris, the Grand Paris Express. The line 14 is to be as Ligne Bleue part of 2030 to be built system. For this, they should be extended until 2023 in the north to Saint- Denis Pleyel and there interchanges offer to the as yet unbuilt routes 15, 16 and 17, which are all part of the Grand Paris Express system. In the south, the route will be extended to the airport Orly about Maison Blanche with connections to the ring line 15. Completion is targeted for around 2027. This would be with a journey time of about 20 minutes by far the fastest and also transfer-free connection to the airport with the city center. In the peak hours the trains are only 85 s time interval shuttling in a row. At the airport, Orly, finally, a connection to the line 18, the south-western route, which will connect with Orly Versailles created.