Prekmurje Slovene

Spoken in

• Indo-European Slavic South Slavonic Slovenian Prekmurisch

Prekmurisch ( proper name Prekmürščina, Prekmürski jezik, Slovenian Prekmurščina ) is a Slovenian dialect. Prekmurisch is used by approximately 80,000 people belonging to Prekmurje Slovenia ( Prekmurje ) and spoken in Hungary around Szentgotthárd. Other speakers live among others in Austria, Germany and the USA.

Already in the 18th century was a prekmurische literary language, which was only replaced in now part of Slovenia area in 1919 by the Slovene standard language. In 1920, József Klekl renewed the prekmurische literary language. This language was used in church, journalism and other publications. The writer of Prekmurje and the Slovene-speaking area of ​​Hungary as Feri Lainšček, Milan Vincetič, Milan Zrinski, Miki Roš, Jože Ftičar, Ferenc Mukics, Károly Holecz enrolled in Prekmurisch.

There are large differences in lexis, morphology and phonetics between the standard Slovene and the Prekmurischen. Until 1919 Prekmurisch was in an area where the language of instruction in schools until 1945, it was partially used in the press.

Name

The Speaker of the Prekmurischen call themselves for centuries Slovenci or Slovénge and their language slovenski jezik. In the 18th and 19th centuries the prekmurischen writers called their language sztári szlovenszki jezik ( "old Slovenian language " ), in science it has been mostly " Vandal language" ( lingua vandalicus, vandalus nyelv, vandalszki jezik, vandalszka vüszta ) called.

In the 19th century the names Vend, Vendvidék and Vend sat in Hungary for political reasons nyelv by. From 1919, the dialect of the now largely united with the rest of the Slovene language area region is referred to as " Prekmurisch ".

Linguistic relationship

The prekmurische dialect belongs to the Pannonian dialects (Slovenian Panonska narečna skupina ), which also ostslowenische dialect group ( vzhodnoslovenska narečna skupina ) is called and is one of the seven dialects of Slovene.

The Prekmurische is the Kajkavian dialect group ( most with the murinselischen dialect) very closely related to the Croatian. These linguistic similarities were among other reinforced that since the Middle Ages, most prekmurischen priests ( both Catholic and Protestant ) were trained in Croatia, mainly in Zagreb and Varaždin. The Catholic churches of southern Prekmurje belonged until 1777 to the diocese of Zagreb, so that only KAJKAVIAN measurement and hymnals were used. Back in the "old hymnal Martjanci " ( Sztára Martyanszka peszmaricza ) the influences of the Croatian and Burgenland Croatian are clearly visible. The inflection and pronunciation has, as in Croatian, a small deflection on.

History

The Proto - Slovenes emigrated to a 550 to Pannonia. After the arrival of the Magyars living between the rivers Raab and Mura Slovenians were separated due to the inclusion of their settlement area in the Hungarian state from the other Slovenes. This contributed to the fact that diverged the language forms through the centuries.

In the 16th century the first prekmurischen writings, such as the hymnal of Martjanci emerged. 1715 published the Protestant priest Ferenc Temlin ( born in Krajna in Tišina ) in Halle an der Saale ( now Saxony -Anhalt, Germany ) is the first book prekmurische Mali catechism, a translation of part of Martin Luther's Catechism greatness. In 1725 the first anonymous prekmurische alphabet Abeczedarium Szlowenszko appeared ( " Slovenian alphabet book" ). The third oldest surviving work on Prekmurisch Is Red zvelicsánsztva Mihály Szever Vanecsai from the year 1742.

A Lutheran clergyman, István Küzmics, 1771 translated the New Testament ( Nouvi Zákon ) and thus laid the foundation for the prekmurische literary language. János Szily, bishop of Szombathely, united Slovenians in the two counties of Vas and Zala and led the school in a prekmurischer language. With his support, Miklós Küzmics translated the Catholic Bible ( Szvéti Evangyeliomi ) and wrote an alphabet and prayer book ( Molitvena Kniga ). His books have been reprinted several times and the alphabet book ABC Kni'zicza remained until 1868, the mandatory textbook for the Slovene territory of Hungary.

Miklós István and Küzmics and other prekmurische intellectuals did not consider it appropriate to take ( krainisch dominated ) standard Slovene literary language, but were aimed at the creation of a separate literary language. As a result, the writer, poet, philologist and historian József Kossics introduced a prekmurische literary language and took it borrows from Kajkavian and the Styrian Slovene dialect ( kratki návuk vogrszkoga jezika za zacsetníke; Zobriszani Szloven i Szlovenka med Mürov in Rábov; Zgodbe vogerszkoga králesztva; Starine ' selesznih ino szalaszkih Szlovénczov ). The poet, writer, translator and journalist Imre Augustich later tried to move closer to the language of the rest of the Slovene language area. Augustich founded the first newspaper prekmurische Prijátel ( " friend "). János Murkovics, teachers of Felldorf ( Beltinci ), wrote in 1871, the first textbook in Gaj alphabet ( Abecednik za katholičanske Vesnić e Sole po velejnyi ). József Szakovics and József Klekl renewed the literary language in the 20th century.

Differences between the Slovene standard language and the dialect prekmurischen

Around 50 % of prekmurischen vocabulary differ from the standard Slovene. In Prekmurischen the vowels ü and ö, which do not occur in the standard Slovene exist. Prekmurisch has many Hungarian, German and Latin loanwords.

Selection peculiar prekmurischer words

Our Father in Slovenian, prekmurisch, Croatian and Burgenland-Croatian

Posvečeno bodi tvoje ime, Pridi k nam tvoje kraljestvo, zgodi se tvoja volja Kakor v nebesih tako na zemlji. Daj nam danes naš vsakdanji kruh in odpusti nam naše Dolge, Kakor tudi mi odpuščamo svojim dolžnikom, in ne vpelji nas v skušnjavo, temveč Resi nas hudega. Amen.

Sveti se Ime tvoje. Pridi králestvo tvoje. Bojdi vola tvoja, kak na Nebi, tak i na zemli. Krüha našega vsakdanéšnjega daj nam ga dnes. I odpüsti nam Duge naše, i kak mi odpüščamo dužnikom Nasim. I ne vpelaj nas vu sküšávanje. Nego odslobodi nas od hüdoga. Amen.

Sv. se ime tvoje, Dodji kraljevstvo tvoje, budi volja tvoja, kako na nebu tako i na zemlji. Kruh naš ​​svagdanji daj nam danas, i Otpusti nam Duge naše, i kako mi otpuštamo dužnicima Nasim, i ne uvedi nas u Napast, nego izbavi nas od zla. Amen.

Sv. se ime tvoje, Pridi kraljevstvo tvoje, budi volja tvoja, kako na nebu tako i na zemlji. Kruh naš ​​svakidanji daj nam danas, i Otpusti nam Duge naše, i kako mi otpušćamo dužnikom Nasim, i ne zapeljaj nas u skušavanje, nego oslobodi nas od zla. Amen.

Diphthongs

Prekmurisch knows eight diphthongs: aj, ej, ou, au, ij, éj, uj, OEj.

Subdialects

• Dolinsko or Markovsko dialect ( Dolinsko / Markovsko narečje ): Rakičan and Lendava
• Goricko dialect ( Goricko narečje ): northern Prekmurje and Cankova
• Raba Region dialect ( Porabsko narečje ): to Szentgotthárd
• Ravensko dialect ( Ravensko narečje ): Murska Sobota and Rakičan
• Soboško dialect ( Soboško narečje ): Murska Sobota

Bibliography

• János Fliszár: Vogrszki - vendiski rêcsnik. In 1922.
• Vilko Novak: Slovar stare knjižne prekmurščine. Založba ZRC, Ljubljana, 2006, ISBN 961-6568-60-4.
• József Szakovics (ed.): Molitvena Kniga Odobrena od cérkvene oblászti. , 1942.
• Marija Kozar: Etnološki slovar slovencev na Madžarskem. Monoster - Szombathely 1996, ISBN 963-7206-62-0.
• Marko Jesenšek: Prekmuriana, Cathedra Philologiae Slavicae, Balassi Kiadó, Budapest 2010, ISBN 978-963-506-846-3.
• Stalna razstava: Pokrajinski Muzey Murska Sobota. Murska Sobota 1997, ISBN 961-90438-1-2.
• Natalija Ulčnik: Začetki prekmurskega časopisja, Bielsko- Biala, Budapest, Kansas, Maribor, Praha, 2009, ISBN 978-961-6656-40-5.
• Francek Mukić: Porabsko - knjižnoslovensko - madžarski slovar, Szombathely 2005, ISBN 963-217-762-2.
• Franc Novak- Vilko Novak: Slovar beltinskega prekmurskega Govora, Pomurska založba 2009, ISBN 978-961-249-068-3.
• Ivan Škafar: Bibliografija prekmurskih tiskov od 1715 do 1919, Ljubljana 1978.
• Francesco Kuzmic: Bibliografija prekmurskih tiskov 1920-1945, Založba ZRC. Ljubljana 1999, ISBN 961-6182-78-1.
• Franci Just: Besede iz Porabja, beseda za Porabje, Franc Franc Murska Sobota, 2003, ISBN 961-219-070-4.
• Franci Just: Med verzuško in pesmijo, Poezija Prekmurja v prvi polovici 20 stoletja, Franc Franc Murska Sobota, 2000, ISBN 961-219-025-9.
• Zinka Zorko: Narečjeslovne razprave o koroških, štajerskih govorih in panonskih, Biała -Budapest- Kansas -Maribor - Praha 2009, ISBN 978-961-6656-37-5.
• Zinka Zorko: The relationship Between The Prekmurje Slovene literary language and standard, dialect translation and dialects in multimedia, ISBN 3-631-52316-5.