Said bin Sultan, Sultan of Muscat and Oman
Said ibn Sultan (. Arabic سعيد بن سلطان, DMG Sa ʿ īd b Sultan, born June 5, 1791 in Sumail, Oman, † October 19, 1856 near Mahe Island, Seychelles, also Sayyid Said) was from 1804 until his death of Sayyid Muscat, Imam of Muscat and Oman and the Sultan of Muscat, Oman and Zanzibar.
Biography
Said ibn Sultan al - Busaidi ( Sa ʿ Eid ibn Sultan ) was the successor of Sultan ibn Ahmad ( 1792-1804 ) on November 20, 1804 Sayyid from Muscat. He was first appointed jointly with his brother Salim ruler; because he was only 13 years old, his uncle Sayyid Badr bin Saif was used as guardian and regent. After his death on July 31, 1806 his older sister Sayyida Aisha Sultan ibn regent was, this caused that Said was proclaimed on September 14, 1806 for the sole Sultan of Muscat, Oman and Zanzibar.
Said because of a controversy in 1806 put the title of Imam and instead introduced from henceforth the title of Sayyid (in the sense of " sovereignty ") to distinguish themselves from the other members of al - Busaid tribe.
Under Said ibn Sultan Said Dynasty ruled their greatest dominion. In addition to the East African coast between Cape Delgado and Mogadishu and large parts of the Gulf Coast were controlled. So the port cities of Hormuz, Qishm and Bandar Abbas came by marriage connections with Persian rulers under Omani control. With the help of the British succeeded Said also to curb the piracy of Qawasim. However, also led to an increased influence of Britain in the Gulf region. With the Wahhabis from Central Arabia, the fighting continued on. In Moresby Treaty of 1822 with Great Britain, he declared the slave trade between his kingdom and all Christian states over.
Said focused in the following years more and more on the expansion of the empire in East Africa. Thus he succeeded in 1829 with the conquest of Mombasa taking the last independent trade port on the East African coast. Supposedly Said ibn Sultan of Queen Ranavalona I of Madagascar a ( futile ) offer of marriage made to incorporate the island into his domain. The submission of the Comoros failed when it became the Sultana of madegassischstämmige Mohéli 1842 French protectorate.
Zanzibar became a center of the slave trade and the cultivation of cloves into the economic center of the African possessions. In 1832 he moved his residence first provisionally to Zanzibar City, in 1840 officially. In 1836 he established official diplomatic relations with the United States, 1840, with Great Britain. In the Hamerton Treaty of 2 October 1845 Slave export was officially banned from his sphere of influence to pressure from the British, but he came only through effective control by the British Navy many years later really ground to a halt. In return, Great Britain recognized the full sovereignty of his country. After the death of Said in 1856, on a cruise in the near Mahe, Seychelles, broke among his sons, Majid and Thuwaini of succession struggles that led to a division of the empire.
Others
He had three main women ( from his second and third principal wife he divorced each for embezzlement ), were among his harem over time over 75 concubines. With these he had 26 sons and 21 daughters, of whom 36 were still alive at his death, including the later living in Germany Emily Ruete. Besides Thuwaini, who was Sultan of Oman has become, four sons of Said's sultans of Zanzibar: Majid bin Said reigned 1856-1870, Barghash ibn Said 1870-1888, Khalifa ibn Said Ali bin Said 1888-1890 and 1890-1893.
Sultan Said sold in the 1840s, the wine merchant Louis- Gaspard Estournel the precious carved double-leaf wooden door, which has since the famous Château Cos d' Estournel in Saint -Estèphe sheet at Bordeaux.