Schoenocaulon

Schoenocaulon officinale, Illustration from Edwards 's Botanical Register, 25, plate 33, as Asagraea officinalis

The genus belongs to the family of Schoenocaulon Germer plants ( Melanthiaceae ). The approximately 26 species are widespread in the New World.

• 5.1 Notes and references

Description

Appearance and leaves

Schoenocaulon species grow as perennial herbaceous plants. These geophytes form as outlasting underground, tuberous rhizomes, which have a tunic.

The basal leaves are crowded on a short compressed stem axis. The simple, grass-like leaves are narrow and folded. There is Parallelnervatur.

Inflorescences and flowers

Terminally on a more or less long Blütenstandsschäften are simple, spiked similar, racemose inflorescences. The flowers are each about a tough, membranous cover and the top cover sheets are rudimentary or no flowers.

Of the threefold radial symmetry and flowers are hermaphrodite the top and the bottom functionally male. The six equally diverse bloom are durable or fast transient, leathery until something kronblattartig. The bloom are linear - lanceolate to ovate with smooth edges to notched or toothed tiny. The colors of the bracts range from greenish- yellow to green to greenish- purple. At the bloom cladding sometimes translucent ears are present and their nectaries are not well developed. There are two circles, each with three stamens present. The shelter -free, durable and perishable stamens and a half to two and half times as long as the bracts and pfriemförmig or rarely base broadened. The basifixen dust bag are narrow - arrow shape before they open up and outward. Three Upper constant carpels are more or less strongly adherent to a dreikammerigen ovary. There are three free, durable pen available.

Fruit and seeds

The fruit is a capsule septizide - up trilocular. Each fruit tray can contain one to eight seeds. The ellipsoid to ovoid or conical seeds are irregularly deformed by the tightness in the fruit capsule.

Chromosome numbers

The basic chromosome number of x = 8

Dissemination

The genus Schoenocaulon comes only in the New World in three disjunct areas. Only one species, Schoenocaulon dubium is located in north central Florida. In southern Peru, there is a partial area of ​​Schoenocaulon officinale, this occurrence was due to their use by indigenous peoples before the arrival of Europeans. The other part of Schoenocaulon officinale area ranges from the southern United States ( southeastern New Mexico to Texas ) through Central America to Venezuela. The center of biodiversity lies with about 22 species in Mexico. About 2O species occur only in Mexico, some of them are limited to relatively small areas.

All three occurring in the U.S. type were collected in the last two decades, little and are perhaps at risk.

System

The genus Schoenocaulon in 1837 erected by Asa Gray in Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York, Volume 4, page 127. Type species is Schoenocaulon gracile A.Gray. Synonyms for Schoenocaulon A.Gray are: Sabadilla Brandt & Ratzeb, Skoinolon Raf, Asagraea Lindl .. The genus name is derived Schoenocaulon pushing from the Greek words for schoenos and caulos for stem ( stem axis ). ..

The genus belongs to the tribe Schoenocaulon Melianthieae within the family Melanthiaceae. It was formerly classified in the family Liliaceae.

There are about 26 species Schoenocaulon:

• Schoenocaulon calcicola Greenm. It occurs only in Oaxaca.
• Schoenocaulon caricifolium ( Schltdl. ) A. Gray: It occurs in northeastern Mexico.
• Schoenocaulon comatum Brinker: It occurs in the Mexican states of San Luis Potosi, Puebla and Oaxaca.
• Schoenocaulon conzattii Brinker: It occurs only in Oaxaca.
• Schoenocaulon dubium ( Michx. ) Small: It is native only in north central Florida.
• Schoenocaulon frameae Zomlefer & Judd: This type described in 2008 occurs only in Puebla.
• Schoenocaulon ghiesbreghtii Greenm. Their range extends from southern Texas to Mexico.
• Schoenocaulon ignigenum frame: It occurs in the Mexican states of Tamaulipas and Nuevo Leon.
• Schoenocaulon intermedium Baker: It occurs in the Mexican states of San Luis Potosi and Hidalgo.
• Schoenocaulon jaliscense Greenm. It comes with two varieties in Mexico before.
• Schoenocaulon macrocarpum Brinker: It occurs in northeastern Mexico.
• Schoenocaulon madidorum frame: It occurs in the Mexican states of Veracruz, Puebla and Oaxaca.
• Schoenocaulon megarrhizum MEJones: It comes with two varieties present in the northern and western Mexico.
• Schoenocaulon mortonii Brinker: It occurs in the Mexican states of México, Jalisco, Michoacán.
• Schoenocaulon oaxacense (frame) Zomlefer & Judd: This type described in 2008 only comes in Oaxaca (hence the epithet ) ago.
• Schoenocaulon obtusum Brinker: It occurs in the Mexican states of Mexico and Hidalgo.
• Sabadill ( Schoenocaulon officinale ( Schltdl. & Cham) A. ​​Gray. ): It comes in southern Peru and from southeastern New Mexico and Texas through Central America to Venezuela before.
• Schoenocaulon pellucidum frame: It occurs in south-western Mexico.
• Schoenocaulon plumosum frame: It occurs in northeastern Mexico.
• Schoenocaulon pringlei Greenm. It occurs mainly in central Mexico.
• Schoenocaulon rzedowskii frame: It occurs in central Mexico.
• Schoenocaulon tenorioi frame: It occurs in the Mexican states of Puebla and Oaxaca.
• Schoenocaulon tenue Brinker: It occurs in central Mexico.
• Schoenocaulon tenuifolium ( M.Martens & Galeotti ) BLRob. & Greenm. It occurs in the Mexican states of Puebla and Oaxaca.
• Schoenocaulon texanum Scheele: Their range extends from southern New Mexico to northeastern Mexico.
• Schoenocaulon tigrense frame: It occurs only in Jalisco.

Use

Any use is known only from Schoenocaulon officinale, see there.

Swell

• Dawn Frame: Schoenocaulon, pp. 79 - text Registered as printed work, Flora of North America Editorial Committee ( eds.): Flora of North America North of Mexico, Volume 26 - Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales, Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2002. ISBN 0-19-515208-5 ( Description section, and dissemination )
• Wendy B. Zomlefer, W. Mark Whitten, Norris H. Williams and Walter S. Judd: Infrageneric phylogeny of Schoenocaulon ( Liliales: Melanthiaceae ) with clarification of cryptic species based on ITS sequence data and geographical distribution, in: American Journal of Botany, Volume 93, 2006, pp. 1178-1192. doi: 10.3732/ajb.93.8.1178 (Section Description and dissemination )