Stachys

Forest woundwort ( Stachys sylvatica L.)

Zieste ( Stachys ) are a genus of the mint family ( Lamiaceae). The 300 species are distributed almost worldwide.

• 3.1 Literature
• 3.2 Notes and references

Description

Stachys species are mostly erect, annual or perennial herbaceous plants, rarely subshrubs, or small shrubs. Sometimes rhizomes are formed as outlasting.

In dense Scheinquirlen that are in the axils of bract -like leaves pairs of leaves, the flowers are arranged. However, the inflorescence is not particularly separated from the leafy stem. It is typical flowers of the Lamiaceae. The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and fünfzählig with double perianth. The five green sepals are fused to Roehrig bell-shaped. The color of the petals are different, depending on the type reddish, pink, yellow or white. Upper and lower lips are always available. The upper lip is flat, at least not severely eroded more or less. The four stamens protrude from the corolla tube, but not protrude beyond the upper lip. The only different flowers feature is that the stamens, at least the two outer, are rotated at the latest towards the end of flowering and bent outward.

The fruit is divided into three edged Klausen.

Systematics and distribution

Etymology

The German name Betony is a märkisches loanword from Sorbian. The word-initial with š archetype originates in more detail directly čisćik the Upper Sorbian. The ts- initial sound was shaped by the usual means in Märkischen transformation of (t ) in š ts in loanwords from the Wendish. This change is also reflected in the low Wendish cysć, as well as in the Czech čistek, in Polish and Russian czyściec Чистец. The Scientific name Stachys, however, derives from the Indo-European * stengh or * stngh ( = sting ) from, from this root also comes from the Latin spica ( = the ear ). The name refers to the pseudo-spikes, forming the genus.

Taxonomy

The genus name Stachys was first published in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum. Type species Stachys sylvatica is. Synonyms for Stachys L. are: Aspasia E.Mey. ex Pfeiff. , Bonamya Neck. des inval. , Eriostemum Steud. , Eriostomum Hoffmann. & Link, Galeopsis Hill nom. illeg. and Galeopsis Moench nom. illeg. non Galeopsis L., Lamiostachys Krestovsk. , Menitskia ( Krestovsk. ) Krestovsk. , Ortostachys Fourr. , Stachyus St. lag. , Tetrahitum Hoffmann. & Link, Trixago Haller, Trixella Fourr. , Zietenia Gled. , Olisia Spach.

Phylogenesis

The types of Betonien ( Betonica ) are treated by some authors as part of the genre of Zieste ( Stachys ), for example, in the Flora Europaea. Recent molecular studies have shown that the Betonien are only distantly related to the Ziesten and are not even in the same tribe Stachydeae. These studies have also shown that the genus Stachys in the current boundary is not monophyletic.

Species and their distribution

The genus Stachys is widespread with about 300 species around the world except Australia and New Zealand. Distribution centers are the Mediterranean Sea area with the Middle East as well as South Africa and Chile. In Central European example, Alpine Betony ( Stachys alpina) arable woundwort come Yearling Betony ( Stachys annua ), ( Stachys arvensis), German Betony ( Stachys germanica ), Marsh Woundwort, Schweinsrübe ( Stachys palustris), Upright Betony ( Stachys recta ), forest Betony ( Stachys sylvatica) ago.

• There are about 300 species of Stachys ( Stachys ) - Selection: Stachys adult erina Hemsl. It grows at altitudes of about 1800 meters only in the Chinese provinces of Hubei and Sichuan. Its rhizomes are edible.
• Tubers woundwort, Chinese artichoke, Japanese potato ( Stachys affinis Bunge, Syn: Stachys sieboldii Miq, Stachys tuberifera Naudin. ): The home of the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Hebei, Hubei, Nei Monggol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan and Xinjiang. It is grown in Europe, Asia, South Africa, New Zealand, North and South America. Its tuberous rhizomes are edible.
• Alpine Betony ( Stachys alpina L.)
• Stachys angustifolia M.Bieb. The range extends from southeast Europe to the Crimea.
• One-year Betony ( Stachys annua (L.) L.)
• Stachys arabica Hornem. The range extends from southern Turkey to Israel.
• Stachys arrecta LHBailey: It grows at altitudes from 1500 to 2000 meters in the Chinese provinces of Anhui, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Shanxi and Zhejiang.
• Acker woundwort ( Stachys arvensis (L.) L.)
• Stachys asperata Hedge: The home is Madagascar.
• Blasenziest ( Stachys bullata Boii ex Benth. ): The home is the western California.
• Wool woundwort, dog-ears ( Stachys byzantina K.Koch, syn. Stachys lanata Jacq. ): It is native to southwest Asia.
• Snow Betony ( Stachys candida Bory & Chaub. ): This endemic species is found only in the Taygetos Mountains in southern Greece.
• Stachys chamissonis Benth. , The home is the western Canada and the western United States.
• Stachys chinensis Bunge ex Benth. It is found in Russia and the Chinese provinces of Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Shaanxi and Shanxi.
• Stachys circinate L' Hér. The home is southern Spain, Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia.
• Lemon Ziest (. Stachys citrina Boiss & Heldr ex Benth.. ): It is widely used in Asia Minor.
• Scarlet Betony ( Stachys coccinea Ortega): It is common in North America.
• Corsican Betony ( Stachys corsica Pers. ): The home is only Sardinia and Corsica.
• Cretan Betony ( Stachys cretica L.): It is used in twelve subspecies in the Mediterranean region and western Asia.
• Caucasus Betony ( Stachys discolor Benth. ): It is found in the Caucasus and Iran.
• Stachys ehrenbergii Boiss. , The home is the western Syria and Lebanon.
• Stachys filifolia Hedge: The home is Madagascar.
• Stachys floccosa Benth. The range extends from eastern Afghanistan to western Himalaya.
• Stachys floridana Shuttlew. ex Benth. The home is Florida.
• Stachys forsythii Hedge: The home is Madagascar.
• Sticky Betony ( Stachys glutinosa L.): The home is Corsica, Sardinia and Capri.
• Stachys geobombycis CYWu: It thrives in two varieties at altitudes of 200 to 700 meters in the Chinese provinces of Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi and Zhejiang.
• German Betony ( Stachys germanica L.)
• Stachys grandidentata Lindl. The home is Chile.
• Stachys humbertii Hedge: The home is Madagascar.
• Stachys iberica Bieb. The range extends from Turkey and the Crimea to northern Iran.
• Stachys inflata Benth. The range extends from the north-eastern Turkey to Iran.
• Stachys ionica Halácsy: The home is only in Greece.
• Macedonian Betony ( Stachys iva Griseb. ): It occurs only on the Balkan Peninsula.
• Stachys japonica Miq. ( will also Stachys riederi provided): The range extends from the furthest eastern Asia to Japan.
• Stachys kouyangensis ( Vaniot ) Dunn: It thrives in five varieties at altitude 900-3800 meters in the Chinese provinces of Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan, and in Xizang.
• Lavendelblättriger Betony ( Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl ): It is widely used in Asia Minor.
• Stachys lyallii Benth. The home is Madagascar.
• Stachys maritima Gouan: It is common in the coastal areas of the Mediterranean from Spain to the Caucasus.
• Stachys melissifolia Benth. (Syn. Stachys Hedge emodi ): It is common in India, Nepal and Tibet in Autononem area.
• Stachys menthifolia Vis. (Syn. Stachys grandiflora host): The home is the Balkan Peninsula.
• Stachys milanii Petrovich: The home ranges Serbia to Bulgaria.
• Stachys mexicana Benth. (Syn. Stachys ciliata Douglas ex Benth. ): The range extends from Alaska to California.
• Stachys mucronata Sieber ex Sprengel: The home is only in Crete and Karpathos.
• Stachys obliqua Waldst. & Kit. The circulation area ranges from south-eastern Europe to western Turkey.
• Stachys oblongifolia Benth. The range extends from the Himalayas to Taiwan and Java.
• Basil Betony ( Stachys ocymastrum (L.) Briq, Syn. Stachys hirta L., ocymastrum Sideritis L.)
• Stachys oligantha Baker: The home is Madagascar.
• Stachys oreophila Hedge: The home is Madagascar.
• Marsh Woundwort, Schweinsrübe ( Stachys palustris L.): It is widespread in Eurasia and North America.
• Stachys peruviana Dombey ex Benth. The home is Peru.
• Stachys plumosa Griseb. The home is Bulgaria, Macedonia and Greece.
• Stachys pseudophlomis CYWu: It thrives in bamboo forests at altitudes of about 800 meters only in the Chinese provinces of Hubei and Sichuan.
• Stachys pusilla ( Wedd. ) Briq. It is widespread in western South America.
• Upright Betony ( Stachys recta L.): It is widespread with about seven subspecies in Eurasia.
• Stachys reptans Hedge: The home is Madagascar.
• Stachys riederi Cham. (Syn. Stachys baicalensis fish ex Bentham. ): The range extends from Siberia to Japan.
• Stachys rigida Nutt. ex Benth. It is common in the western United States.
• Stachys rosea ( Desf. ) Boiss. , The home is the north-eastern Libya.
• Stachys rothrockii A.Gray: The home is the U.S. states of Utah, Arizona and New Mexico.
• Stachys rubella Hedge: The home is Madagascar.
• Stachys rupestris Benth. The range extends from southern Turkey to Syria.
• Stachys spathulata Burch. ex Benth. The range extends from southern Zimbabwe to South Africa.
• Stachys spectabilis Choisy ex DC. The range extends from Turkey to Iran and to Israel.
• Stachys spinosa L.: The home is only in Greece and the Aegean Sea.
• Stachys spinulosa Sm: The circulation area ranges from south-eastern Europe to western Turkey.
• Stachys strictiflora CYWu: This species thrives in two varieties on grassy slopes at altitudes 2100-3400 meters only in the Chinese province of Yunnan.
• Stachys swainsonii Benth. Home is only available in Greece.
• Forest woundwort ( Stachys sylvatica L.): He is (, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia Xinjiang ) spread from Europe to Southwest Asia to Central Asia. It is grown in some areas of the world.
• Stachys taliensis CYWu: It grows in evergreen forests at altitudes of about 2000 meters only in the Chinese province of Yunnan.
• Stachys tenuifolia Willd. The distribution area is the eastern Canada and the United States.
• Stachys thirkei K.Koch: It is spread from South - East Europe over to Asia Minor.
• Stachys tibetica Vatke: The range extends from Pakistan to western Tibet.
• Stachys tournefortii Poiret: It is widespread in North Africa and Crete.
• Stachys trichophylla Baker: The home is Madagascar.
• Stachys viticina Boiss. The range extends from southern Turkey to Israel.
• Stachys xanthantha CYWu: The nature thrives at altitudes 1900-2300 meters only in the Chinese province of Sichuan.
• Stachys zoharyana Eig: The homeland is Palestine.

No longer is expected to genus Stachys:

• Pholomidoschema parviflorum ( Benth. ) Vved. (Syn. Stachys parviflora Benth. )

Swell