Styrum
The Styrum castle stands in the same district Styrum the city of Mülheim an der Ruhr in the Ruhr valley on the right bank of the river. In the 11th century, it was a Oberhof the German king Henry IV, of the said property in 1067, leaving this Stirhim the Reichsstift Kaiserwerth.
The castle was the birthplace of the reign Styrum and later became the headquarters of the Counts of Limburg- Styrum. Since November 1986, is a listed building. In its ground floor is now a restaurant and an elderly day care center. Its first floor is home to artists' studios, and the cellars are used by a aquarium club.
Description
The entire palace complex is surrounded by a wall. On its south side stands at the Castle Road a one-story gatehouse with round-arched portal, which is crowned by a triangular pediment. In his tympanum, there are two highly weathered stones of Arms of Count Hermann Georg von Limburg- Styrum and his wife Mary of Hoya. The plastered brick walls of the gatehouse were once home to the apartment of the porter. On both sides of the passage wall anchors announce the establishment in 1568 or 1658. Since the 19th century, the main entrance is located on the castle grounds but on the north side of the road Moritz.
To the east the gate building closes to the six -meter-wide former castle chapel with pointed arch entrance door. It has a minimalist room with three sided statements and reconstructed beam ceiling now serves as seminar and lecture room of the Aquarius Water Museum. A glass plate in the floor marks the entrance to the former crypt in the basement, which had a shallow barrel vault.
The southwestern corner of the castle area is marked by a plastered, square tower, whose three storeys are terminated by a curved hood. On the northern side of him a two-story stair tower is purposed.
The two-story mansion of the plant owes its present exterior appearance remodeling under August Thyssen. It is surrounded by a large castle park and has buildings from at least five centuries. At its core is a medieval building from quarry stone vaulted cellar, which has a floor plan of 19,30 × 9,90 meters and dated the oldest buildings in the 13th century. The main facade is located on the north side of the building with an arched portal with Werksteinrahmung and a legacy upstairs. Particularly striking is a hexagonal stair tower of the cap conclusion as a weather vane with the initials " A. T " and the year 1890 bears. The south side is designed as a garden facade since the 19th century. Two low, square Attachments frame the facade. Your flat roofs are designed as terraces. Over a two-flight, curved staircase in neo-baroque style leads into the palace gardens.
In the west, joins the central building of the mansion on a cross wing with hipped roof. It is the former Kitchens of the plant. An extension is located on the west side with arcades on the ground floor, which ends with a apse- tower with spire.
History
Instead of an old estate organized on a sand wall of the Ruhr, which had since the early 13th century in the hands of the Counts of Altena, Dietrich, Count of Altena - Isenberg, a son of Frederick of Isenberg, together with his son Eberhard I. 1289 a build first castle house. The Count's family had heard in 1288 in the Battle of Worringen the losers and therefore had their headquarters, the Limburg an der Lenne, must flee to Styrum before approaching troops of the winners. Dietrich's younger son John received Styrum at a division of an estate after 1301 and founded the branch of the family Limburg- Styrum, developed to its headquarters, the small investment in the following years. The construction work during this time probably made ranged just far enough Styrum was used as a residence, but the buildings are still in 1350 described as Oberhof, suggesting a lack of representational architecture. Only in the 14-15. Century built the family a first representative mansion. When Earl Wilhelm I of Limburg- Styrum 1442 by Emperor Frederick II invested with the rule, possession was given at the same time the status of an imperial fief awarded, which he kept until the beginning of the 19th century.
After his marriage to Irmgard of wiping, which brought, among others, the gentlemen Borculo, Bronckhorst and Wildenborch into the marriage, Georg von Limburg- Styrum moved the headquarters of the family in the new possessions in Gelderland. Castle Styrum was henceforth administered only by office men. As, however, the Counts of Limburg in 1644 split into three family lines, one of them chose Styrum back to her residence. The castle was first jointure of Countess Anna Magdalena, wife of the late Count Hermann Otto I of Limburg- Styrum. In the following centuries the owners left the facility several times rebuild and expand; last 1658, when it was redesigned by Count Moritz von Limburg- Styrum. The mansion was thereby completely renovated and equipped with modern stair tower. East and west of him each a transept was also added. Also, the gatehouse dates from that year, in which construction works were performed at the chapel. It is not certain whether it is concerned about the construction of the building or just a remodeling.
During the reign of Christian Otto of Limburg- Styrum burned in the first half of the 18th century as a part of the castle, leading to restoration measures in the Baroque style by itself. Also in this period was the lord of the castle to create a Baroque garden.
The creation of the Grand Duchy of Berg in March 1806, the rule Styrum was dissolved. However, the castle remained in family ownership. It came in 1809 by inheritance from the last male representative of the family, Count Ernst Maria von Limburg- Styrum, Maria Margaretha of Humbracht (* 1755, † 1827), the sister of his deceased wife. Over the past Styrum bailiff Marcks, who bought the castle in 1836 by Maria Margaretha, it came in 1861 was sold to the landowner Johann Schönnenbeck. The used the property for agricultural purposes and was to make profound changes in the interior and on the exterior of the mansion. As the building has looked up to that time, is well documented by plans and illustrations. It had a high roof with two superimposed rows of dormer windows. Its eastern gable was cambered. To transverse buildings joined on the short sides, which were higher than the central building and a hipped roof and a hipped roof had. The upper floor of the house was probably taken completely by a great hall, hung on the walls of numerous portraits of the Counts of Limburg. The ground floor of the building, however, was divided into three rooms.
In 1890 the Ruhr Industrial August Thyssen acquired the meanwhile, rundown property in order to use it as a residence for the directors-general of his company. To this end, he ordered the building set according to the taste of the time repaired and expand the mansion and gave him so that the current appearance. Thyssen moved the main entrance to the castle in the north of the property and had therefore to transform the north facade representative. The eastern transept was laid down and replaced by a component with a roof terrace. The middle part of the castle building received a much flatter roof, its height is modeled on that of the western transverse construction and the building together with new windows gave a more uniform appearance. The chapel was transformed into a coach house and later used as a garage. The existing farm buildings were largely demolished and made way for the construction of a park in the English landscape style. Last residents of the Thyssen group was until 1958 Director General William Roelen.
In 1959, the castle as a foundation to the city of Mülheim that there einrichtete Germany's first elderly day care center.
On the occasion of the State Garden Show " MüGa " in 1992, the palace and park were renovated from the ground up. In these studies the greenhouse, in which an aquarium club had his home was demolished. The club members moved their tanks in the cellar of the mansion. The chapel underwent a renovation, to be subsequently used by the Aquarius Water Museum.