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Šumperk ( German Moravian Schönberg) is a town in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It lies on the TESS at the foot of Altvater Mountains.
History
The village Šumperk was in 1180 in possession of Zdeněk Ralsko of Wallenstein. Under his sons, it became a town. Already in 1224 the Dominicans had founded a religious house for eight monks. During the war between the brothers Wenceslas I of Bohemia and Moravia Přemysl of the city was destroyed in 1239. The reconstruction took place around 1250., The Dominican Monastery and the Monastery Church of the Annunciation were Vyšehrad in 1286 by the provost and later Bishop of Olomouc John VI. of Wallenstein rebuilt.
1340 gave Margrave Karl the Lords of Lipa mining law for which are already in their possession dominions Schoenberg, Goldstein and Žampach. Karl's younger brother Jobst of Moravia in 1391 gave the town of Schönberg numerous privileges, with which it was treated as a royal city. After further changes of ownership came Schoenberg in 1495 as mortgage to Peter Žerotín († 1530), who took over the weighing on the city debt. 1504 Schoenberg and Blauda passed into his possession.
During the Reformation, the monks and the Catholic population were expelled from the city. 1584 successes the expulsion of the Jews, most of whom settled in the Jewish community in Moravia Aussee. After the Battle of White Mountain, Emperor Ferdinand II in his capacity as King of Bohemia Schoenberg and other extensive possessions in North Moravia, the governor Karl of Liechtenstein. Although this had to take over the debt, he was one of the most powerful and wealthy aristocrats in northern Moravia. Subsequently, he sat by the Counter-Reformation. The newly elected City Council had to swear an oath Catholic and accept the reintroduction of the Dominicans, whose monastery was repaired again in 1623. In the second half of the 17th century there was witch-hunts, with which the government had engaged in wholesale Ullersdorf lawyer Franz Heinrich Franz Boblig commissioned by noble city.
To economic development, it came in the 18th century by the weavers craft, from which later developed into the linen and textile industries. In 1784 as part of the Josephine reforms repealed Dominican monastery built from 1785 to 1788 the Vienna Ernest Roth flap the biggest Manchester factory in Europe, which, however, after the lifting of the Continental System in 1813 was not able to say. The factory was later built to the barracks. 1842 Moravia taken in Schoenberg the first mechanical flax spinning mill in operation. The Moravian border railway built in 1870 with headquarters in Schoenberg took in 1871, the railway route High - city Zöptau in operation. Since 1874, appeared in Schoenberg, which was a center of the North Moravian education in the 19th century, the "North Moravian Grenzbote ".
After the Munich Agreement in 1938, the city was added to the German Reich and was until 1945 the seat of the district Moravian Schönberg. In 1945 Šumperk back to Czechoslovakia, and 1945/46, the German Moravian population was expropriated and displaced as a result of the Beneš decrees. On May 4, 1950, the incorporation of Temenice was.
On August 21, 1968 during the Prague Spring, the city was occupied by the Polish army, and a few weeks later, on 3 October, by the Red Army. In the city there is a Czech-German meeting center with a branch office in Nový Jičín.
Attractions
- The Marian column on Town Hall Square 1718-1720 created by the sculptor Michael Koessler.
- The town hall was in 1910/11 built on the site of the demolished Renaissance town hall of 1474 in the style of historicism.
- The first time mentioned in 1287 Monastery Church of the Annunciation Baroque style after the fire of 1669 in 1686.
- In the southeast of the town is the cemetery church of St. Barbara. The ceiling painting created in 1775 the Neustadt painter Ignaz Oderlitzky.
Population Development
Twinning
- Germany Bad Hersfeld, Germany, since 1994. Already in 1954, called the City and County Hersfeld a sponsorship of the resident citizens from the former county Moravian Schönberg to life.
- Netherlands Maarssen, The Netherlands
- Prievidza Slovakia, Slovakia
- Finland Vaasa, Finland
Personalities
- Emil Ferdinand Alois Vacano (1840-1892), writer
- Heinrich Himmel of Agisburg (1843-1915), Austrian Major General
- Ottilie Strobach (1851-1931), opera singer, choir director, poet
- Karl Strobach senior († 1905), engineer, director of the paper factory Olleschau in Olleschau / Moravia
- Karl Strobach junior (1870-1929), engineer, general manager of the paper industry -AG Olleschau, Prague
- Leo Slezak (1873-1946), famous tenor
- Otto Rommel (1880-1965), literary and theater historian
- Wilhelm Baumgarten (1885-1959), architect
- Max Barta (1900-1990), a commercial artist
- Krumey Hermann (1905-1981), SS officer and perpetrator of the Holocaust; Deputy of Adolf Eichmann in the extermination of the Hungarian Jews
- Members of the family of industrialists Seidl
- Roman Karl Scholz (1912-1944), Austrian Augustinian Canons in Klosterneuburg Monastery and resistance fighter against National Socialism
- Hans Klein (1931-1996), German politician ( CSU), MP, Federal Development Minister
- Gerda Rogers ( b. 1942 ), Austrian astrologer and radio presenter
- January Balabán (1961-2010), writer
- January Hudec ( born 1981 ), Canadian alpine skier
- Jakub Kindl (* 1987), Czech ice hockey player
- Martin Fous (* 1987), German - Czech ice hockey goaltender
- Radoslav Kováč ( born 1979 ), Croatian football player
- Eduard Hölzel (1817-1885), bookseller and publisher
- Jaroslav Mostecký ( b. 1963 ), Swedish author of Sci- Fi and Fantasy Literature