Tavannes
Tavannes
Tavannes is a municipality in the administrative district in the canton of Bern Bernese Jura in Switzerland. The German name Tavannes is now used only rarely; he finds himself but for example, still in street names Dachsfelderstrasse in the city of Basel.
Geography
Tavannes is located at 754 meters above sea level. M., 15 km south-west of the town Moutier ( straight line ) and 10 km north-northwest of Biel / Bienne. The industrial municipality extends on both sides of the river Birs, on the southern edge of the broad basin of the Jura latitudinal Vallée de Tavannes and at the foot of the pass traversal Pierre Pertuis.
The area of 14.7 km ² large municipality area includes a portion of the western part of the Vallée de Tavannes, which has a width of 4 km here. The northern part of the area occupies the hills between the lowlands of the Birs and the Trame, which is partially covered by the Forêt de Chaindon. The trough of Tavannes with the Birsquelle ( Source de la Birse ) forms the central part. To the south, the municipality's territory extends to the anticline, flanking the Vallée de Tavannes on its south side. In the area of Tavannes include the westernmost section of the Montoz, with 1'285 m above sea level. M. the highest point of the municipality, the pass cut by Pierre Pertuis and the easternmost part of the Montagne du Droit ( 1,060 m above sea level. M. ) with the height of La fir it. On the Montagne du Droit be extended Jura high grazing pastures with the typical tall spruce trees that are either individually or in groups. On the northwest, the area extends over the valley of Trame up on the wooded southern slopes of Montbautier (up to 1,040 m above sea level. M. ). From the municipality surface 1997 9 % came from settlements, 42 % of forest and woody plants and 49% to agriculture.
At Tavannes include numerous individual farms, which are widely scattered in the basin of Tavannes and the Jura hills. Neighboring communities of Tavannes are Saicourt, Reconvilier, La Heutte Sonceboz- Sombeval, Corgémont, Tramelan and Mont -Tramelan.
Population
With 3522 inhabitants ( 31 December 2012) Tavannes one of the largest municipalities in the Bernese Jura. Of the 84.1 % inhabitants are French-speaking, German-speaking 6.0 % and 3.6 % Italian-speaking (as of 2000). The population of Tavannes rose sharply from 1850 to 1950 at. After peaking in the 1960s, with around 4000 inhabitants, a decrease of 14 % was recorded as a result of the economic crisis of the 1970s. Since there are only relatively small fluctuations.
Policy
The voter shares of the parties at the national elections of 2011 were: SVP 29.0 %, SP 28.4 %, GPS 7.5 %, FDP 6.7 %, EPP 6.1 %, BDP 4.9 %, EDU 4.2 %, Les Rauraques 3.1 %, CVP 2.8 %, AL 1.8 %, glp 1.5 %, 1.3 % pirates.
Economy
Tavannes was up to the mid-19th century, a dominantly agricultural village, then it has rapidly developed into the industrial community. Today work around 7 % of the workforce in agriculture, which focuses mainly on livestock and dairy farming. In 1850, the industrialization of the watch industry with the introduction of the Vallon de Saint- Imier (foundation of the Tavannes Watch Co. ) began. In the following period, the population increased significantly to 771 residents in 1870 to 3006 inhabitants in 1920. The heyday of the watchmaking industry led in the first half of the 20th century into a major economic boom. Today, the watches manufacturing continues to play an important role, but at the same also occurred enterprises of machine industry and precision engineering. Another major employer is the company Tavapan SA. In addition to the trade in wood-based materials puts them in their own production produces high quality sound absorption products.
Traffic
The community is conveniently moderately well developed. It lies on the busy busy main road Delémont to Biel / Bienne. Since 1997 Tavannes is connected to the Swiss motorway network with the opening of the section La Heutte - Tavannes the A16, which also includes the Pierre Pertuis tunnel belongs. The next section, the avoidance of Tavannes and Reconvilier, is since 2008 under construction and scheduled to open in 2012. Expected by 2015 Tavannes is connected by the A16 with the French motorway network.
The connection to the railway network on April 30, 1874, the inauguration of the route of Sonceboz to Tavannes. On December 16, 1876, the continuation of the line of Tavannes was opened by Court. Eight years later, on August 16, 1884, the narrow gauge line of the Chemins de fer du Jura Tavannes was added to Tramelan. A bus service runs from Tavannes via Bellelay and Lajoux to Les Genevez.
History
During the Roman period introduced an important road link Aventicum over the pass transition Pierre Pertuis through the Vallée de Tavannes to Augusta Raurica. The pass at that time was the border between the territories of the Helvetii in the south and in the north Rauricii.
The reclamation and settlement of the valley basin of Tavannes took place but only after the founding of the monastery of Moutier - Grandval. The first written mention of Tavannes under the name Theisvenna goes back to the year 866. In the following years, the spelling of the name changed several times: Tehisvenna ( 884 ) Tasvenne ( 967 ) Tasuenna ( 1181 ) and Thasvanne, Taffennas and Tasueno. The etymology of the place name is disputed: Tavannes, acting either on the Celtic word for tavan tree trunk or on the Old High German dahs ( roof ) combined with the Germanic venjô ( pasture ) are returned, from which the German name was Tavannes.
Tavannes belonged to the estate of the Abbey Moutier- Grandval. After the founding of the monastery Bellelay in the 12th century the place was assumed by the Prince-Bishop of Basel this new monastery. At the same time, the family of Tavannes, the north of the town at Le Châtelet resided in a castle established. The castle was destroyed in 1499 during the Swabian War and the gender of the nobles of Tavannes went out during the 16th century. In 1530 Guillaume Farel resulted in Tavannes the Reformation.
From 1797 to 1815 Tavannes belonged to France and was initially part of the département du Mont- Terrible, which was connected to the 1800 Haut -Rhin. By the decision of the Congress of Vienna, the place came in 1815 to the canton of Bern to the district of Moutier. An important citizens of Tavannes was Théophile Voirol, which was under Napoléon General and served in North Africa.
Attractions
Today's Tavannes Protestant church is a late Gothic building of 1385, which was several times restored and extended in 1728 on the east side. The church stands on the site of the 866 mentioned church of Saint- Etienne. The rectory was built in 1820, set up the parish hall in the style of historicism 1927. For parish Tavannes belonged until 1928 all the surrounding villages ( Reconvilier, Chaindon, Loveresse, Saules, Saicourt and Le Fuet ). The Catholic Church of Christ -Roi is from 1928-30.
In the center, which has an urban character, the Hôtel de Ville are (formerly Hôtel de la Couronne ) in the style of late classicism ( 1850; renovated in 1966 ) and built in the Empire style house General Voirol. Several buildings were built between 1850 and 1920 in neo-baroque architecture and traditional styles.