Time trial

The time trial (English: time trial, short TT; French:. Contre la montre; katal contrarellotge individual) is a discipline of bike racing, where the riders or teams must travel individually a certain, usually relatively flat course. In contrast, takes place the mountain time trial on very mountainous and shorter distances. The drivers and teams start with a lag, so are on their own. The time is stopped on each driver, or for each individual team.

If a driver overtakes another, a special rule applies: The Drafting is - except a team with each other - is strictly prohibited and will be punished with a time penalty in severe cases with exclusion. In road cycling, there are ITT, couple time trials and team time trial. In track cycling, there are time trials over various distances. The time trial is a part of the big stage races.

The Raddisziplin the triathlon is a form of time trial dar. However, here are the rules that relate to the material, slightly different, and drafting is allowed on some short distances.

Individual disciplines

ITT

Individual Time Trial ( ECF, English: individual time trial, short ITT) be used either as one-day races held or is part of a stage race, participate in the whole teams. Drafting is strictly prohibited and will with time penalties, distancing (driver is set to the last place, only individual time trial outside tours) or exclusion punished. Each driver drives by itself and gets its elapsed time counted.

At the Tour de France for the first time in 1934 an individual time trial was held. Today, in addition to a designated as a prologue short (usually 2-8 miles) individual time trial, at the beginning of the tour two long individual time trial during the Tour usual.

Since 1994, an individual time trial takes place at the Road World Championships, two years later, ITT became an Olympic. Previously it was the prestigious Grand Prix des Nations as the unofficial world time trial championship. The German champion is determined annually in ITT Even with the German road bike championships.

Mountain time trial

The mountain time trial ( BZF, English: hillclimb time trial ) is a special discipline of the individual time trial dar. Here, a relatively short distance is mostly traveled, which, however, is almost always provided with high pitch percentage. The goal is not - as in the flat time trial usually the case - at the level of the start, so that these routes do not include departures. However, in some cases, they contain short flat pieces.

Great mountain time trial, there was in the 16th stage of the 2004 Tour de France from Le Bourg d'Oisans to L' Alpe d' Huez and the Dauphiné Libéré 2004, when the Mont Ventoux has been climbed.

The largest German mountain time trial in Germany is the Schauinsland king on the Freiburg mountain Schauinsland with over 1000 participants

Team time trial

The team time trial ( MZF, English: team time trial, short TTT) was first staged at the Tour de France 1935. However, it was then not taken for a long time with the program, since drivers are penalized with a weaker team. Since 1999, however, a team time trial will be held because of the spectacular television pictures again. For the team, the time of the fifth rider is judged. The acquisition of the results in the overall standings changed several times. Currently, the first five riders get the time of her team; the other drivers get the time at which they are driven to the target.

In the Olympics, a 100 -km team time trial for teams of four was held from 1960 to 1992, the time of the third driver for the team counted. In 1996, the competition was replaced by the admission of professionals with an individual time trial. The UCI Road World Championships, a corresponding competition 1962-1994 was held. This tradition was resumed at the World Championships in 2012, where the race was held with commercial 6- cycling teams.

In the years 2005 to 2007, the team time trial Eindhoven belonged as part of the UCI ProTour through 2010 discharged to the official race calendar.

Since 2012, a team time trial will be held within the framework of the UCI Road World Championships, in which also points to the team score for the UCI World Tour will be awarded.

Couple Time Trial

The pair time trial is a special form of the team time trial. This drive only two cyclists in a team. The most famous pair of time trial was the Trofeo Baracchi, which took place from 1941 to 1991. In Germany were organized similar pair of time trials from 1993 to 1995 with the Telekom Grand Prix and 2004 to 2006, LuK Challenge.

Time trials in track cycling

In track cycling time trial be moved both short-term as well as distances over longer distances. This is to

  • Time Trial: time trial
  • Individual pursuit
  • Hour record
  • Team time trial: Team Sprint
  • Team Pursuit.

Time Trial BMX Sports

Also at BMX World Championships time trial will be held, in which not only the allocation of time trial world champion title starting places for the other competitions will be awarded.

Material and clothing

During the time trial special bikes are mostly used. They have a different frame geometry than road racing bikes and are already more aerodynamic than the classic frame shapes by changes around the tube cross sections themselves. In particular, the special frame geometry puts the rider in a competition- specific favorable seating position by the bar is significantly lower than the saddle and the rider further forward sits slightly above the bottom bracket. The steering is in the road time trial usually a triathlon handlebars, which closely matches the driver's arms, thus allowing a more aerodynamic posture. For attacks or sprinting, time travel, specific seating position, however, would be inappropriate. The wheels of a bicycle have time usually only a few spokes and a high rim profile, reducing drag is further reduced. Rear of a disc wheel is often used. Wheels for time trial competitions are mostly made ​​of carbon. The drivers usually wear time trial helmets that are essential aerodynamic than normal helmets, but they must be carried out for several years as safety helmets. Previously filed a simple unpadded shell. All these special parts may only be used in the time trial because of the Optics and safety reasons, as the UCI strives to convey a classic picture as possible of cycling.

Furthermore, almost always used one-piece racing suits, under which carry some racers a container for drinking. In addition, resistance-optimized overshoes. The national champion and current world time trial champion in the time trial bear their respective champion jersey.

Known time driver, meaning the time trial at Grand Tours

Almost all winner of the Tour de France were excellent time trialist. But especially prevalent in the discipline against the clock were " Monsieur Chrono" Jacques Anquetil, the " Cannibal " Eddy Merckx, who is also five-time Tour winner Bernard Hinault and Spaniard Miguel Indurain and in recent years the " Tourminator " Lance Armstrong and Jan Ullrich. Other specialists in the time trial, however, could never decide a larger tour for themselves. For example, the Englishman Chris Boardman or the Czech Ondřej Sosenka.

The four-time time trial world champion and Olympic champion Fabian Cancellara of Beijing is one of the best time trialists in road cycling. Other recent, outstanding time drivers are David Zabriskie, David Millar, Bradley Wiggins, Gustav Erik Larsson, Tony Martin, Bert grave robbers.

Since individual and team time trials - today usually a short ( 15-25 km ) and a long individual time trial ( 45-55 km ), team time trial (up to 70 km) - Components of the Tour de France, and time trials often the biggest changes in bring standings, has a certain ' Tour winner - type " emerged, which is embodied by the above drivers, but also by the " interim winners " such as Bjarne Riis: These drivers are among the best in the time trial and have good, but not outstanding climbing abilities. Drivers who have the reverse constellation - mediocre time driver qualities, but superior climbers - to win the Tour, however, only in exceptional cases, and often only after they have improved their time trial performance significantly, as Marco Pantani in 1998.

The ideal type of driver

During the time trial are ( in exact contrast to the mountain specialists ) is usually large, strong driver in advantage: the power that can develop a driver, namely increases approximately in direct proportion to its body weight. With flat time trial routes this power is needed for the most part to overcome air resistance. This is essentially given by the face and gets weaker as directly proportional due to the flat upper body position with the body weight. When driving on the mountain it is just the other way around: the air resistance is negligible and the performance is mostly needed to raise the total mass ( a rider ). Therefore, heavier riders are on the mountain rather at a disadvantage.

Rebecca Romero Slipstream UCI Track Cycling World Championships – Men's 1 km time trial Race stage Cycling at the 1996 Summer Olympics Phonak Cycling Team Aerodynamics Bicycle handlebar Gustav Larsson Tony Martin (cyclist) Bert Grabsch Rudolph Lewis Harry Stenqvist Armand Blanchonnet Henry Hansen (cyclist) Attilio Pavesi List of Olympic medalists in cycling (women) Laurent Jalabert Abraham Olano Santiago Botero Michael Rogers (cyclist)
117478
de