Trans-European Networks

Trans-European networks (English: Trans -European Networks; short TENs) are a contribution of the European Union for the implementation and development of the internal market and to improve the economic and social cohesion of the Union. With the priority program better networking in the internal market and some standardization of transport systems is sought in the EU. Furthermore, the infrastructure of energy and telecommunications to be improved and the Galileo satellite navigation system will be developed.

The legal basis is the chapter on " Trans-European Networks " (Article 170 to Article 172) in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. The EU defines the ordinary legislative procedure guidelines that define the objectives and priorities of the TEN- development as well as individual projects of common interest. To be guaranteed in particular by harmonizing technical standards that networks of different countries can be successfully linked. The EU can also be carried out feasibility studies and financial support through the Cohesion Fund and other funds individual projects. Projects which relate to the territory of a particular Member State, but in any case require the approval of that State.

• 3.1 Guidelines for the trans -European transport network
• 3.2 Construction and financing of trans-European networks
• 3.3 Revision of TEN -T guidelines from October 2001
• 3.4 2005: High Level Working Group II
• 3.5 2006: Co-modality
• 3.6 Modification of the TEN -T guidelines in 2010
• 3.7 New corridors in 2013

Outline of the TEN

This is leading to networks for

• Transport ( TEN-T abbreviation or engl. TEN- Transport ) roads,
• Railways
• Inland waterways,
• The European high- speed network (ICE, TGV, AVE, etc.)
• Combined transport of various modes of transport,
• Ports
• Airports,
• Freight terminals,
• Traffic management and
• Satellite navigation with future Galileo satellites.

• Information Systems (GIS)

For each of these guidelines were created to define the objectives and define the components of the trans-European networks descriptive or in the form of maps.

Energy

The TEN-E consist of electricity, gas, district heating and cooling and oil systems, and networks for the transport of CO2. In addition, the EU is the storage of CO2, hydrogen, natural gas and electricity to this area.

The EU was in 2010 on the assumption that in the next 10 years 1 trillion euros would be invested in the energy system. Who will raise the cost, it is not clear from the report. Alone, 200 billion euros would be spent solely for the energy transport networks and of which the market will bear only about half, it said in the report.

Objectives

• Offshore grid in the " Northern Seas " and connection to Northern and Central Europe.

• Interconnections in South Western Europe, especially between southern France and Spain

• Connections in Central Eastern and South Eastern Europe

• Completion of the Baltic Energy Market Interconnection Plan ( BEMIP ), a plan to connect the electricity and gas networks of the Baltic Sea ( with the exception of Russia).

Traffic

Guidelines for the trans -European transport network

The basis for the development of TEN-T, TEN- T often for TEN- Transport Network, was by the guidelines for the development of the trans -European transport network (Decision No 1692/96/EC of 23 July 1996, as amended by Decisions No. 1346/2001/EC of 22 May 2001 and decision No 884/2004/EC created on 29 April 2004). You are now in accordance with the Decision No 661/2010/EU of 7 July 2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the codification of the TEN -T guidelines. You are a guiding framework for the development and expansion of the internationally important transport infrastructure within the EU and included, among other things. initial Community guiding principles for the development of 58,000 km of trunk roads - particularly Europe roads, 70,000 km of railways and 12,000 km of inland waterways within a time horizon up to 2020 was of particular significance is attached to the following points:

• Cross-border connections
• Elimination of weak points within national networks
• Accessibility of peripheral regions
• Combining and linking of the various modes of transport, taking into account their respective advantages
• Optimal use of existing capacities
• Sustainable development and expansion
• Interoperability in all areas
• Safety and reliability of passenger and freight transport
• View to subsequent cross-linking with the networks of the EFTA States, the Central and Eastern European countries ( CEEC ) and the Mediterranean countries.
• Homogeneous economic and social conditions

To ensure the implementation of the TEN guidelines (regarding objectives and priorities ) to be held by the European Commission regular reporting. The first report was published in October 1998 A summary of the objectives, content and implementation of the projects can be found in the text of Trans -European Networks -. Community guidelines for the development of trans-European transport network in an updated form.

Construction and financing of trans-European networks

The TEN guidelines are neither a structure nor a financing program. The cost of a realization of the trans-European transport network alone is, according to recent estimates by the European Commission in 2020 to approx. € 600 billion. This also includes the need for the development in the participating countries is included, which was determined in the context of the work on the necessary infrastructure needs in the associated countries (TINA ) process.

The main funding is for the Member States. Co-financing of the Union shall be financed by:

• EU TEN-budget line
• EU Structural Funds (especially European Regional Development Fund - ERDF)
• Cohesion Fund

In addition, finance international financial institutions, especially the European Investment Bank ( EIB) and the European Investment Fund ( EIF) with a considerable extent through loans or guarantees transport infrastructure in Europe.

The Details of the support from the TEN budget line governs the Council Regulation (EC ) No 2236/95 TEN- subsidy Regulation (Council Regulation laying down general rules for the granting of Union financial aid to trans -European networks amended by Regulation ( EC) No 807/ 2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 April 2004). This budget line investment projects can basically be up to 10 %, and studies with up to 50 % of the costs funded in the transport sector. For certain priority projects (especially if they are cross border or crossing natural barriers ) may be the financial support of up to 20 % of the investments due to the likewise made in a 2004 revision of the TEN - subsidy Regulation.

The TEN-budget line included for the period 2000-2006 a total of € 4.855 billion, of which approximately 90 % for transport, 10% for energy and telecommunications. € 255 million of this were reserved in the years 2004 to 2006 for projects in the participating States.

For the financial period from 2007 to 2013, € 8,013 billion to be provided for transport projects.

The EU summit on 7 / 8 February 2013 approved the so-called " Connecting Europe Facility " for transport and infrastructure projects for the period 2014 - 2020 is equipped with a total of 29.299 billion euros, of which 23.174 billion for transport projects.

Revision of the TEN -T guidelines from October 2001

The obligation acc. Article 21 ( review in 5 - year intervals ) of the Guidelines, the Commission presented in October 2001 - before a revision proposal - based on the White Paper on European Transport Policy in 2001. It focused mainly on strengthening the environmentally friendly modes of transport and a change of Annex III (then list of priority projects). As no agreement between the Member States and the Commission in particular could be achieved with respect to this list, which is necessary for an agreement with the Parliament common position was not available.

Therefore, at the request of Commissioner Loyola de Palacio, a High Level Group under former Commissioner Karel Van Miert was used, which eventually submitted a Final Report ( Van Miert report ) with proposals for priority projects and the financing of the TEN-T on 30 June 2003. Based on these proposals, negotiations have been successfully completed and the revision will be finally adopted in April 2004.

2005: High Level Group II

The revision of the planning for the integration of the TEN-T and national road networks of the EU neighboring countries - in line with the recent Pan-European transport corridors - was 2004/2005 by the so-called High Level Group II headed by Loyola de Palacio instead.

On 11 June 2004, the European Commission and Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia and Serbia and Montenegro (including Kosovo) have signed a Memorandum of Understanding on the Development of the South East Europe Core Regional Transport Network. The network comprises 4300 km tracks 6,000 km of roads, the most important airports and the ports of Rijeka, Split, Dubrovnik, Niš, Durres and Vlora. As an inland waterway, the Danube and the Sava are included. The network is a cross-border to 58 points. The total cost for the development of the network are estimated at over EUR 16 billion. A total of 17 priority projects were identified with an estimated cost of EUR 650 million. Examples: Railway bridge Zezeljov Most in Novi Sad ( Serbia), airport of Skopje (Macedonia), Port of Durres (Albania ) motorway from Banja Luka to Bosanska Gradiška (Bosnia and Herzegovina ) and rail transport connection Moravice after Sapjane (Croatia).

The final report Networks for Peace and Development - Extension of the major trans -European transport axes to the neighboring countries and regions was presented on 7 December 2005 at the EU Transport Commissioner Jacques Barrot.

The defined therein multimodal axes are essentially:

2006: Co-modality

The mid- term review of the EU's 2001 Transport White Paper, which was published in 2006, the hitherto pursued favoring of rail projects, the term co-modality was opposed. Thus all modes of transport should be optimized in its efficient use, either alone or in combination.

Modification of the TEN -T guidelines in 2010

By Decision No 661/2010/EU of 7 July 2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council codifying the TEN-T, Decision No 1692/96/EC as amended by Decision No 884 /2004 / EC has been codified and added a new annex with the cards of the 27 Member States and set as the time horizon for the construction of the network for all Member States in 2020

Priority projects ( roads and sections ), which should be started before 2010:

(see DECISION No 884/2004/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 29 April 2004 amending Decision No 1692/96/EC on Community guidelines for the development of the trans -European transport network, the Official Journal of the European Union L 167 of 30. April 2004)

Project No. 30 is or has been the Canal Seine- Nord Europe, an approximately 106 km long planned canal in south-north direction through northern France and Belgium between the catchment areas of the rivers Seine and Scheldt. After the change of government in France 2012 ( François Hollande 's successor Nicolas Sarkozy was, it was announced that the project's financing is not secured: 2006 was estimated its cost at 3.6 billion euros, 4.2 billion in 2007, beginning in 2013 to 7 billion euros.

New corridors in 2013

The end of 2013 the European Commission presented a new concept. It provides for a core network of nine multimodal corridors with a total length of 15,000 km. It is to be completed by 2030 and to the EU transport budget tripled during the period from 2014 to 2020 26 billion euros; 80 to 85 percent of these funds will flow in the core network, including the equipment of existing lines with ETCS and GSM -R. To implement all priority projects would have to be invested in the same period, 250 billion euros.