Upper Guelders
Upper funds was one of the four so-called quarters and at the same time the root area of the former Duchy of Geldern. The area is commonly referred to as the Quartermaster of funds. The territory of Upper funds extended over parts of present-day Dutch province of Limburg and the German Lower Rhine, here in particular about the area now Kleve.
History
The name of the Dutch province of Gelderland is reminiscent of the city and the former territory of the Duchy of Geldern. The present Dutch province is the successor of the historical duchy of Geldern ( larger needles also: " Gelre " or "funds" ), which was built around the city money around. For duchy of Guelders were in the north, the three so-called quarters of low funds, from which the later Dutch province of Gelderland was born:
- ( 1) the county of Zutphen,
- (2) the Veluwe,
- (3) the city and the kingdom of Nijmegen, including the land of Maas and Waal and the Betuwe.
Although this northern funds or low money belonged to the territory of the Duchy of money, but the level is not geographically connected, and thus formed an exclave. Now For better distinction of these three districts, the northern Lower further south Guelders home territory was called Upper funds or quartermaster of funds.
In the Middle Ages the great, still existing from all four quarters funds was an independent and important duchy. However, the neighboring Duchy of Cleves lay like a wedge between the northern and southern sub-regions. The independence of the duchy of Geldern definitely ended 1543.
As a result of the Dutch War of Independence, the Duchy of money was divided, it took the three northern districts in 1579 to the Union of Utrecht and some were later than Gelderland part of the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands.
The chief quartermaster, so the " higher ground " part, came as top funds or Spanish funds in the hands of the Spanish king and became a part of the Southern Netherlands. This situation was confirmed and strengthened by the Peace of Münster. In addition to the city funds Venlo and Roermond also important places that were upper quarter.
After the War of Spanish Succession in 1713 further divided by the Treaty of Utrecht also this area again into four parts, namely:
- Prussian Upper funds ( Prussian quartermaster ):
- Dutch top money:
- Jülich'sch upper funds:
- Austro- top funds:
The western part of Prussia and Upper funds came in 1815 by the decisions of the Congress of Vienna back to the territory of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, as well as the territory of the city of Venlo, with their environment, which was previously referred to as " State - Opper - Gelre " and also also the former Austro- funds with the city of Roermond. All these parts of the former Upper Quarter used to go on in the large Dutch province of Limburg. The exact breakdown can be seen from the articles on the Roer department and the department of Lower Maas.
The original unity of Guelders, whose nucleus and the geographic center of the city was money, and that for centuries had heard up to 1703 the Netherlands was thus lost about a hundred years later, although a part was Dutch again.
The coat of arms of the province of Limburg
It is just like the city Geldern view themselves as heirs of the old Guelders core region, the Dutch North and partly Central Limburg. They share a long history, which has been almost done by today's state border and ( by historical standards relatively ) new provincial name " Limburg " ( only since 1815), completely unrecognizable.
The importance of this heritage ( in the general sense ) is also brought to heraldic manner expressed. The four divided province coat of arms of the Dutch province of Limburg shows next to the uncrowned black lion of Jülich (top right) and the red -winning county Valkenburg ( top left) and the crowned golden of funds, as well as the horns of the county Hoorn.
Language
Upper funds was an integral part of the Dutch language area. The local dialect is classified as Südgeldersch, where there was a hand influences the Brabant written language, on the other hand by the high German. Funds was a Dutch-speaking city. The archives of that time are there so also in Dutch. The fact that Otto von Bismarck in 1870 decreed that could be taught any other language more than the high German in the German Reich or officially used, the use of the Dutch language has declined sharply in the former Upper Guelders areas of the German Lower Rhine.