Volkovo Cemetery
The Wolkowo Cemetery (Russian Волково кладбище or Волковское кладбище ) is a 26 -acre cemetery in Saint Petersburg ( Russia). It is located in Frunze Raion south of downtown, near the Wolkowskaja subway station. He is known primarily for the honor section Literatorskije Mostki ( " literati bridges ", Литераторские мостки ), where the tombs of numerous writers, poets, artists and scientists are.
History
The name derives from the cemetery is the former village Wolkowka or Wolkowo, which was first mentioned in the 17th century. 1719 there is a small cemetery at the St. John the Baptist Church was created. Middle of the 18th century, this cemetery has been dissolved and in its proximity with today's Wolkowo cemetery founded one of three new large cemeteries of the city. As date of origin Wolkowo Cemetery valid May 11, 1756, when his foundation was sealed by decree of Empress Elizabeth. The new cemetery was laid out on the banks of a small tributary of the Neva, which received its present name Wolkowka until the 19th century.
Beginning was the Wolkowo Cemetery arms as burial ground. It was only around 2000 square meters and had only a wooden chapel, but no own church. The plant was hardly maintained over decades and there was no spatial order for Neubegräbnisse why the cemetery is still a very disordered structure and few sidewalks has. The first church on the Wolkowo Cemetery, originally built of wood, was inaugurated in late 1759. 1777 was supplemented by a new, which burned down in 1782 and was until 1785 replaced by the present Church of the Resurrection in stone. The first wooden church of the cemetery was demolished in 1795 due to disrepair and only in 1842 by a successor building - replaced - the present-day Church of the Redeemer. In the course of the 19th century in the cemetery two other churches: the Church of All Saints (1852 ) and the Church of St. Job ( 1887), also the 1832-34 ensemble was expanded to include a bell tower.
In the later 18th and especially the 19th century, the cemetery was already one of the largest in Saint Petersburg, since its territory was enlarged several times. 1812 sidewalks were created there and planted additional trees. 1885 there were already 600,000 burials in the cemetery Wolkowo, including numerous pomp tombs of wealthy citizens. After the October Revolution of 1917 a part of the cemetery was deconsecrated, the best known being present there graves reburied to other sections, most of them were destroyed. The church of All Saints from 1852 and built in 1913 Dormition church were demolished; Christ the Saviour Cathedral was deconsecrated and converted into a workshop of a stonemason mine. During the Second World War, (1941-1944) excavated in the cemetery during the German siege of the city mass graves of civilian victims of the siege.
Throughout its history, the cemetery was not only used for funerals of Russian Orthodox Christians: At the end of the 18th century was built next to the Orthodox section on the other side of the Wolkowka the Lutheran section and north of it existed until the 1930s into a small section for altorthodoxe believers.
Burials are carried out to date on individual sections of the Wolkowo Cemetery.
Tombs of prominent people
As in Russia graves generally are not re- occupied, have been preserved many historic tombs on the Wolkowo cemetery to today, date from the 18th and 19th centuries, partly representatives of prominent noble families ( including Galitzine, Trubetskoy, Yusupov and others) their final resting place offer.
The most famous section of the cemetery are the so-called literary bridges where since the 19th century traditionally writer and publicist, and later artists, scientists and politicians are buried. The name of letters bridges also emerged in the 19th century, where as a "bridge " then special wooden boards were called, with which the cemetery paths were fixed to make them passable despite moisture and mud.
Authors
- Leonid Andreyev (1871-1919), writer
- Vissarion Belinsky (1811-1848), literary critic
- Olga Bergholz (1910-1975), poet
- Alexander Blok (1880-1921), poet of Symbolism
- Nikolai Dobroliubov (1836-1861), literary critic
- Vsevolod Garshin (1855-1888), writer
- Ivan Goncharov (1812-1891), novelist
- Dmitry Grigorovich (1822-1900), novelist, art historian
- Alexander Kuprin (1870-1938), writer
- Mikhail Kuzmin (1872-1936), writer
- Nikolai Leskov (1831-1895), writer
- Alexander Radishchev (1749-1802), philosopher and writer ( grave not preserved)
- Mikhail Saltykov -Shchedrin (1826-1889), satirist
- Ivan Turgenev (1818-1883), writer
Artists, composers, musicians
- Leonti Benois (1856-1928), architect
- Nikolai Benois (1813-1898), architect
- Isaak Brodsky (1884-1939), painter
- Jewsei Jewsejewitsch Moiseyenko (1916-1988), artist
- Andrei Petrov (1930-2006), composer
- Kuzma Petrov- Vodkin (1878-1939), painter and graphic artist
- Isaac Black (1923-2009), composer
- Vasily Solovyov - Sedoi (1907-1979), composer
- Konstantin Thon (1794-1881), architect
- Noi Trozki (1895-1940), architect
Scientist
- Vladimir Bekhterev (1857-1927), physician
- Abram Ioffe (1880-1960), Physicist
- Alexei Krylov (1863-1945), naval architect and mathematician
- Andrei Markov (1856-1922), mathematician
- Dmitri Mendeleev (1834-1907), Chemist
- Nikolai Miklucho - Maklai (1846-1888), anthropologist and explorer
- Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936), physiologist, Nobel laureate in medicine
- Alexander Popov (1859-1906), pioneer of radio technology
- Alexei Shakhmatov (1864-1920), linguist
- July Schokalski (1856-1940), oceanographer and cartographer
Other famous people
- Julius Heinrich August Uljanowitsch of Denffer (1786-1860), German - Baltic governor and senator of the Russian Empire
- Marija Blank (1835-1916), mother of Lenin
- Georgi Plekhanov (1856-1918), socialist philosopher
- Zasulitch (1849-1919), revolutionary
- Konstantin Sergeyev (1910-1992), Ballet Dancer
- Agrippina Vaganova (1879-1951), ballet dancer