Zwingenberg
Forcing mountain is located in the district of mountain road in southern Hesse and since the granting of town rights in 1274, the oldest city in the Hessian part of the mountain road.
- 2.1 Amalgamations
- 2.2 Population development
- 3.1 City Council
- 3.2 Mayor
- 3.3 Coat of Arms
- 3.4 Town twinning
- 4.1 Established businesses
- 4.2 traffic
- 4.3 Leisure and sports facilities
- 5.1 Structures
- 5.2 theater
- 5.3 Museums
- 5.4 Regular events
- 5.5 Wine and culinary specialties
- 6.1 freeman
- 6.2 Sons and daughters of the town
- 6.3 personalities associated with the community
Geography and usage
Forcing mountain lies on the western edge of the Odenwald forest at the foot of Melibokus, with 517.40 m above sea level the highest mountain in the mountain road. The altitude of the district varies between about 90 m above sea level in Rodau district and just 300 m above sea level on the slopes of Melibokus. The highest elevation Zwingenbergs is not a single mountain, but is fluent on the slope of Melibokus in the district Auerbach, a district of Bensheim on the mountain road, over. As a guide, the 100-meter mark at the station in Zwingenberg. In the West, forcing mountain adjacent to the Hessian Ried and thus to the Upper Rhine Valley.
In the West Zwingenbergs towards Rodau and the district itself Rodau prevails on sandy ground in front of field and meadow economy. Only a small piece of forest is part of the district in the area of the low forest lake. In Zwingenberg even radicals or new planting of fruit cultivation exist (mainly apples). At the foothills of Orbis height and direction Luciberg wine is grown. In addition, almond trees grow in the region. A narrow fringe forest still belongs in the hut " morning calm" and the " log cabin " direction Comoder way to the district Zwingenberg. There are still remains of granite mining recognizable.
By the lee of Melibokus prevails in Zwingenberg microclimate that hang in nearby locations sometimes leads to less precipitation than for example in the plane.
Neighboring communities
Forcing mountain lies between the municipality Alsbach in Darmstadt- Dieburg in the north and the town of Bensheim in a circle mountain road in the south. In the West, Bensheim Districts Fehlheim and Langwaden bordering the district Rodau. In the east, forcing mountain borders the Melibokus, whose peak in the district Auerbach, a district of Bensheim on the mountain road lies.
Community structure
Zwingenberg consists of the two parts of the city forcing mountain with an area of 346 hectares and Rodau with an area of 215 hectares.
History
" When or by whom this city was built, it has no real news, but said it was an ancient city, one concludes from all the circumstances. " The oldest reference to locum getwinc is a document from the year 1012 in the Emperor Henry II. the monastery Lorsch gave hunting rights. The name indicates that travelers were forced on the mountain road to cross the city gates, as lay west of the city of swamp and lowland forest.
Through marriage of Hildegard von Henneberg parts of the mountain road came around 1135 to Henry II of Katzenelenbogen (* about 1124, † 1160 ), which was in 1138 by King Konrad III the Count. Zwingenberg now included in the County Katzenelenbogen with the main town Katzenelenbogen. The county was located in a sub- county, on the Rhine to St. Goar, and a top county, located in the south of Hesse divided.
To protect its southern possessions on the mountain road and its customs revenue Count Diether IV built in the first half of the 13th century castle in a sub- mountain and forcing a stronghold, the castle Auerbach Auerbach.
1258 receives Diether V the right to build a church in Zwingenberg:
1260 takes place between Diether V and his brother Eberhard I take a division of the county, with Diether V Zwingenberg and Eberhard I. Auerbach receives.
Zwingenberg receives 1274 under Count Diether V by King Rudolf of Habsburg town and market rights and is the oldest city on the mountain road.
1301 Zwingenberg was destroyed and went up in flames. Count William I of Katzenelenbogen, the son of Diether V, had allied himself with four Rhenish electors and demanded excessive Rhine duties. This had severely damaged the free trade and the declaration of war by King Albrecht I. consequence. The lower castle was destroyed.
1330 confirmed Emperor Ludwig the Bavarian Count William I the city rights of forcing mountain.
1355 was the marriage vows of Wilhelm II to Elisabeth of Hanau.
1401 the name " Twinginburg " was recorded.
1403 pledged Count Johann IV Katzenelenbogen to Henne White Circle of lime rock castle and town Zwingenberg with the villages Eschollbrücken, the count's own is Pfungstadt and low -Ramstadt with all rights and Accessories for 6,000 guilders, on the acknowledged the count.
1454 Count Philip I of Katzenlenbogen agrees that, among other things to the house and several gardens bewittumt Hans IV of Wallbrunn (castle seat of Wallbrunn ) his wife Lucie Reifenberg about Zwingenberg that carries Hans by Count fief, but without prejudice to the associated with team performance.
Until 1479 Zwingenberg included in the County Katzenelenbogen, then the country and county of Hesse from 1567 to Hesse- Darmstadt, which was raised in 1806 to the Grand Duchy of Hesse.
Through devastation during the Thirty Years' War and the subsequent plague the place for decades was almost uninhabited and finally destroyed in 1693 by a French troops of causing the fire most of the houses. It was not until after the French Revolution, the city recovered.
1832 Zwingenberg was incorporated into the circle Bensheim, from 1938 it belonged to the circle mountain road. In the era of National Socialism also Jewish and politically unpopular people have been displaced and deported. The synagogue was not destroyed by accident. It is now used as a residence. An association is committed to its revitalization. 1941 POW camp was set up at the hostel.
Incorporations
On December 31, 1970, the present-day district Rodau was incorporated. For the district Rodau a local district with town council and mayor was established.
Population Development
Policy
City Council
The municipal election held 27 March 2011 yielded the following results:
Mayor
From 2001 to 2007 officiated Dieter Kullak (independent) as mayor. In the election on 25 March 2007, no longer took in the Kullak, the FDP and CDU supported by Holger Habich (FDP) prevailed. In the election on March 3, 2013 Holger Habich won against his challenger Christine Klein with 73.9 % of the valid votes cast.
Coat of arms
The coat of arms of forcing mountain above shows the lion of the Counts of Katzenelenbogen and down three water lily leaves.
The Lion of Katzenelnbogen can also be seen in the coat of arms of Darmstadt, Pfungstadt, Auerbach, Katzenelenbogen and St. Goar.
Twinning
Zwingenberg is twinned with the French Pierrefonds in Oise (since 1968), with the Italian Brisighella in the region Emilia -Romagna, with the English Tetbury in Gloucestershire (since 1981 ) as well as with the past in Saxony -Anhalt Eckartsberga.
Economy
Formerly dominated mainly by agriculture and viticulture, and gastronomy, can now be found in addition to numerous commercial enterprises also a number of smaller and medium-sized technology companies.
Established businesses
- BRAIN Biotechnology Research and Information Network AG ( Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Research)
- Pharmaceutical Control Electronic GmbH (Pharmaceutical Packaging inspection )
- Preussag water and pipe GmbH (Branch Environmental )
- PWT Water and Wastewater Technology GmbH
- RESINEX Germany GmbH ( distribution of plastic granules )
- SurTec Germany GmbH ( Chemical products and processes for surface engineering )
Traffic
Zwingenberg is connected via the exit (29 ) to the A5 Frankfurt -Basel, on the A 67 at the exit Gernsheim ( 8) are also signs Zwingenberg. The Frankfurt airport is 45 km, the inland port Gernsheim on the Rhine 12 km away.
In parallel with the Odenwald mountain road here runs the B 3, which is divided into Zwingenberg in the new and old mountain road, which then reunite in Darmstadt- Eberstadt.
Known as the " Berliner Ring ", originally planned relief road to the B 3 exists in embryonic form. The parallel to B 3 running street comes from Bensheim and is returned to Zwingenberg on the B 3. Original plans, the previous ( very low, about 2.95 m) to relieve railway crossing by a bridge to the north run failed due to protests by local residents and the neighboring community, on whose territory should lead parts of the road.
One of the busiest rail routes in Germany, the Main- Neckar line Frankfurt-Darmstadt-Heidelberg/Mannheim, performs Zwingenberg. The small station is serviced by hourly regional trains. There are also some additional trains during rush hour.
Modern articulated bus number 669, which is operated by the Darmstadt HEAG mobilo, run between Alsbach ( tram terminus ), Zwingenberg, Bensheim and Heppenheim.
The Hessian bike paths R 8 and R 17 run through the city.
Leisure and sports facilities
Zwingenberg has a sports area with a lawn and complete athletics track, hard court and soccer field. There are also several tennis courts and two gymnasiums. Rodau also has a grass pitch. By 2015, a new construction of a modern sports park is planned, in which all the local sports are represented.
Culture and sights
Forcing mountain located on the edge of the Odenwald at the level of Melibokus in a relatively steep slope. The surrounding the center city wall is visible to a large extent today.
The top lane is the old getwinc, the pass road that led through the lower and upper gates of the city. The stretch of road was changed only slightly after the fire of 1693 and shows essentially the original buildings of the old mountain road.
The new passport was to the 15th century still swamp, because a little further is the old Neckar bed. Here today leads the B3 along the historic city walls through the town. Between castle and Neugasse the remains of the wall forming the rear facade of the houses and barns of the alley.
Zwingenberg has, including the district Rodau, 81 is a listed cultural monuments. An overview of all cultural monuments are the list of cultural monuments in forcing (mountain road).
Above Zwingenberg is the western entrance to Nibelungensteig, a 124 km long, certified long-distance trail from west to east completely pervades the Odenwald.
Structures
The place has an attractive tourist town with structurally and historically very interesting half-timbered houses, a church and a former castle mountain seat, which was in 1420 awarded as Burglehen of John of Katzenelenbogen to Hans von Wallbrunn the elderly.
At the highest point Zwingenbergs is today's youth hostel, a former tithe barn, which was built on the foundations of a bastion. From the round towers at the corners of the upper ramparts only the Aul is obtained. It is the north-east tower, a two-story tower made of exposed masonry.
The remains of the moated castle Zwingenberg likely to be after the castle stables of the Upper Castle probably the oldest building Zwingenbergs. From this starting point, the fortified city was created in 1250. The new marketplace emerged in the early 17th century north-east of the former moated castle and the surrounding moat at the southwestern end of today still preserved remnants of city walls.
The old district court was built in 1561-1563 by Philipp the Magnanimous out of the house of Hesse and 1989 rehabilitated. It originally served the Hessian Landgrave as a hunting lodge.
The castle, built around 1520, the city since 1969, serves as the town hall. Next door is the former inn " Zum Löwen ". It was built in 1595 and is the oldest existing building outside the old city wall. Compared to the lion is the Scheuergasse, which is formed by two rows traufständiger barns. These were created because of fire outside the city wall and is now used mainly as dwellings, offices and restaurants.
The vaulted cellar of the "Old Pharmacy " located on the marketplace seems to date from the time when the city wall would be built. Later was the " Old Pharmacy " known as " Grand Duke of Pharmacy Katzenellenbogen ," which was built in 1783.
The former Zwingenberger synagogue with prayer room, school room and two apartments was built in 1903. The synagogue was the successor in 1861, used smaller synagogue in the old town ( on the large hill 2). In the Kristallnacht pogrom in 1938, the building was not burned because the recently deceased son of " Schawwesgoi ", the non-Jewish working aid for the Sabbath was laid in his mother's apartment. Inscriptions and emblems on the facade, however, were destroyed in the subsequent period. Sold in 1945, it has since become an residential building.
Theater
In the vaulted cellars of a former courthouse, the Theater Mobile, the productions and guest performances is mainly from the fields of music, reading, children's theater, dance and cabaret offers.
Museums
The local history museum in the historic Scheuergasse shows old craft and historically furnished rooms.
In June 2005, the Information Center " flowers, stone & Wine " of the UNESCO Geoparks mountain road -Odenwald was opened in the Civic Center "Colourful Lion". The information center is open on weekends and by appointment, also houses the Tourist Information.
Regular events
- Vineyard hike (May 1)
- Wine market ( on Pentecost weekend at the historic market square in the heart of Old Town)
Wine and culinary specialties
Forcing mountain is part of the small wine region Hessian mountain road. On the slopes of Melibokus are the major site Auerbach Rott, the layers Zwingenberger -pebble Zwingenberger Old Castle. To the north, the situation Alsbacher Schoental connects. Asparagus and strawberry growing influence towards the shallower environment Rodau direction. Typical of Zwingenberg therefore are a powerful dry Riesling and tender asparagus.
Personalities
Freeman
The first honorary citizens of the city was pastor Adam Hoefle ( 1900-1999 ).
Sons and daughters of the town
- George Dieffenbach (1787-1848), Löwenwirt and liberal member of parliament
- Count Gustav of Erbach -Schönberg (1791-1813), an officer under Napoleon and recipient of the Cross of the Legion of Honor
- Theodor Loos (1883-1954), actor
- Botho Jung ( * 1927), radio and television presenter
Personalities associated with the community
- Henry of Gagern (1799-1880) politician, the Pre-Parliament of the Frankfurt St. Paul's Church for the constituency Zwingenberg.
- Henry Kissinger, who worked as a liaison officer to the counterintelligence in Bensheim, spent several months living in this requisitioned Arthur Sauer Villa in Zwingenberg.
- Arthur Sauer ( chemist), joined in 1897, founded by Wormser pharmacist Rudolf Pizzala pharmaceutical factory " German milk works" and took over the company in 1898. Triggered the later Fissan - works (1924 ) were. 1934, the company had 160 workers and employees, as well as 50 commercial employees. Arthur Sauer died on November 29, 1946, his vehicle is now at the Technik Museum Speyer.
- Wilhelm Büchner (1816-1892), chemist, chemist and politician, in Zwingenberg apprentice in the pharmacy at the marketplace.